Research Korner

Proposal Letter

XXX __________ Avenue _________, Australia (Zip Code[ivl1] ) 27 February 2009    Biotechnology Masters Coordinator, and Master of Science - Research (Biotechnology) Approval Committee   Wollongong, New South Wales Australia 2522   Dear and Master of Science - Research (Biotechnology) Approval Committee[ivl2] ,   A graduate of , my name is . I attended  in 2004 and finished the course in August 2008. During my study, I was able develop my competence and expertise through lab-based subjects such as applied biotechnology, molecular biology, genetics, biology, tissue culture, human genetics, microbiology, immunology, cell biology, plant biotechnology, and protein biotechnology.   In applying the knowledge and skills I have acquired from the University, I pursue my training on  . King Abdullah Hospital has a reputation of strict protocol and standards when it comes experiential teaching and learning. My specialization were real time PCR lab , DNA Sequencing lab , gene scanning lab, master mix preparation lab, electrophoresis lab, microbiology lab and Promatic lab.   With my laboratory-based educational background, I want to express my intent to further advance my expertise and competence through pursuing my Masters degree in . I am planning to take up Master of Science – Research (Biotechnology). I am hopeful that I can start my Masters degree by July 2009.   In lieu with this, I am relating to you that I purport to explore my knowledge on regenerative medicine. I have a growing interest in researching about the insulin-producing pancreatic islets. It is of my best belief that the regeneration of pancreatic islets in the body or even grown in the laboratory and implanted could contribute in the creation of potential cure for diabetes mellitus. It is a common knowledge that Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes has no definitive cure to date.   I chose because I feel that the University will give me the chance to learn and to provide me with the opportunity to produce evidenced-based  research. My time spent on   convinced me that I can build on the skills I already learned and contribute to addressing one of the social health threats of today which is diabetes.   In my research paper, I will argue that there is a necessity to address how and why the transplanted insulin-producing pancreatic islets lost their ability to function over time. It is a common knowledge that islet transplants proved to be effective for at least two-years for insulin-dependents. There are evidences that diabetics reaped the benefits of islet transplantation on the basis of reduced need for insulin, improved blood glucose control and reduced risks of episodes of severe hypoglycemia. After that period, however, there are evidences also that the benefits of islet transplants are not for long-term and that insulin-dependence is becoming more cyclical after the transplant. The maintenance of the capability of the transplanted pancreatic islets is being in question here. To support my argument, I am planning to conduct my research in the laboratories of the University.   This research will impact me in several ways. For instance, I am well aware that there are 330, 070 diabetics in Jordan alone; it is expected that the statistics will still increase in the following years. Through my advanced studies in regenerative engineering and islet transplant per se, I may able to build my confidence in producing better health outcomes. It is my goal influence research in diabetes and other related biotechnology topics and this project will allow me the time to focus on reaching that goal.   I am also aware about the ethical issues relating to human experiments. Since I am determined in planning the course and graduating in two years time, I will uphold ethical practices in my research and adhere to University protocols at all time.   Sincerely,   [ivl3] ____________________          [ivl1]Your address in  here.  [ivl2]I am not sure about the name of the committee.  [ivl3]Your signature in here.

Proposal Letter

XXX __________ Avenue _________, Australia (Zip Code [ivl1] ) 27 February 2009 Biotechnology Masters Coordinator, and Master of ...

THESIS STATEMENTS ON HOTEL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND SLOGANS

One of the ways to establish a name in the market is by creating an original, powerful and attractive slogan for a particular product. It is also known as brand marketing. Brand marketing has been a popular concept in business strategies. Three of the known hotels in the world use their slogans in that manner. Holiday Inn hotel for example, uses a number of different slogans, in different locations. They have seven slogans that they have been known for. Those are Relax, it’s Holiday Inn, We put a smile back on your face, Pleasing people the world over, The best surprise is no surprise, Holiday Inn; The World’s Inn Keeper, Your host from coast to coast, and The Nation’s Innkeeper.             Ramada Hotel in U.S and Canada uses the slogan Ramada. A very good place to be.  Ramada Hotel International on the other hand, that is excluding U.S and Canada uses the slogan Everything Except Excess.             Hyatt Hotel is using one unique slogan Feel the Hyatt Touch.             According to marketing strategists, effective brand marketing is a combination of the RIGHT message, delivered in the right way, to achieve RIGHT results.             This study is interested to find out the relationship of marketing strategies of the three hotels to the slogans. This study would like to explore on the reasons why a particular hotel was chosen to promote the hotel.             This study will research on the marketing strategies of the hotels and check on what way do the marketing strategies match the current slogan. This study is also interested in gauging the effectiveness of the slogans in promoting the hotel.             This study will be beneficial to hotels and business firms in general.

THESIS STATEMENTS ON HOTEL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND SLOGANS

One of the ways to establish a name in the market is by creating an original, powerful and attractive slogan for a par...

Use of System Theory at Utility Store

According to Stamatis (2001, p. 7) a system is the interdependent group of people, processes or factors which works in order to achieve common goals and purposes. During the past, organization is viewed as autonomous entity which seeks to tame, monitor and control its environment, at the same time, focuses on conflicts and competitions faced inside within the organization. However, due to the changes in the business environment, which include the development of technology, as well as globalization, this had changed to a more open system, where in an organization is being affected by its external environment (Checkland & Holwell, 1998).             This can be observed in the case of Utility Store. Figure 1 shows the level 0 data flow diagram of Utility Store IS. Data flow analysis was used, because it used a top-down, de-compositional mechanism which involves the process identifying and progressively expanding each process in the system. Figure 1 shows the level 0 or the context diagram. It shows the system as a single process with the data flows to and from the different external entities. This help in order to establish the boundaries of the system that are under study (Annett & Stanton, 2000).             As what figure 1 shows, Utility Store is an open system retailer that is working within the boundaries of business rules and different entities, which include the suppliers, bank, employee, community, government, insurance company, etc. The system of Utility Store takes inputs from all the entities involved, and the other way around. On the other hand, Utility Store offers outputs towards them.             Utility Store is a huge system that is consists of 5,711 stores and different departments, which include operational, marketing, sales, inventory, etc, which are all considered as subsystems. Concept of reductionism provides an independent performance of each department and properties varies when system holism is taken into account as emergent properties. For example an unsatisfactory performance of accounts or marketing department can affects the performance of whole organisation. Emergent properties are important as management on the top level decides the policies so idea of holism-top to bottom approach is applicable to the organisation. Functional decomposition of the said system is top to bottom business environment within the net-work of suppliers, community, law/security and its subsystems from executive to shop floor staff level. Sales depends on marketing and supply so the mechanisms of feedback and feed forwards are relevant as well as useful to keep the organisation homeostasis. For example new stock will not be ordered until sale target at existing stock has not been achieved. Therefore, the management uses open system approach, because it recognizes the impacts of external factors and views internal operations in connection with the changes in the external environment (Singh, 2009).

Use of System Theory at Utility Store

According to Stamatis (2001, p. 7) a system is the interdependent group of people, processes or factors which works in order to ...

Benefits and Barriers of Inter-agency Work

Challenges of Inter-Professional and Inter-Agency               The growth of a person highly depends on the ways in which they are able to relater with other people. The relationships that people may have with other people gives them the idea on how they are able to relate to others and also how they are able to react as based on the expectations of these people. Moreover, the social reactions and ideas that they may get are mostly based on the decisions that they make, especially based on the environment that have helped shape them and their perspectives.             In trying to improve and develop the inter-relationships of the people to expect social justice and equality within the public, there is also the need to establish and develop relationships with other agencies. Inter-professional and inter-agency allows for wider subjects and also some degree of freedom in the people’s movement. As such, more people are more likely to be helped. Moreover, information that otherwise may be slower to get to the specific organization may become easier to retrieve and also be more widespread. Of course, this is not to say that such relationships will also have their drawbacks, such as the difficulties in disseminating information and also the lags that may occur in actions.             In establishing change—or at least development—organizations are finding the need to ensure the relationship with other agencies in an effort to distribute responsibilities. There are several problems that organizations have to handle with regards to ensuring these relationships, as was mentioned earlier. One of the advantages of having inter-professional and inter-agency relationship is establishing a wider communication span among the members and therefore distributing the workload. This allows for quicker time span to finish a particular project. Specialization is also a possible effect of the inter-development as, with the distribution of jobs, the acts that the people are required to do become more specified, thus affecting the nature of the people’s ability to do the specified work description. Specialization of the workload also allows for improvements within the details of the methods that they use and as such also consequently improve the products and the outcomes.             With regards to specialization, inter-agency also allows for the determination of which job descriptions to be done, giving a shorter time for the project to finish. Thus idea also allows for better ways to track some problems as with the specializations of the job descriptions, a definite problem may then be addressed immediately to the proper department; mistakes may then be easier to correct and also quicker to change.             However, while there are some advantages to such turns of the organizations, there are also some problems that may need to be addressed with the use of the inter-agency and inter-professionalism, one of which is a common problem in almost every relationship that occurs which is the possible clashes of ideas. It has to be emphasized that the path to success is not singular and that the more involved, the more varied the ideas may be that there may be some problems on the effectiveness of the agency and also with the professional work that the organizations have already chosen. In some sense, this may result to a domino effect wherein clashes with ideas may lessen the productivity of the workers and may also affect the decision-making of those involved especially with the rejection of their own ideas.             Moreover, there is also the possibility of personal clashes between the workers themselves and the heightening of the complaints within the organization itself may occur. Any problem that the organization may encounter, however, will also affect the rate of productivity of the workers as well as the overall outcome of the services. While this may be solved with some effecting human resource management as well as clearer assessment of the job descriptions, there is nevertheless the need to exert some caution when it comes to dealing with people who come from different environments. The premise of the differences of their views already involves deeper assessments that should be done on the quality of the inter-relationships that the organization has with other members.             One of the challenges that inter-agency and inter-professional organizations may find also involves the time frame in which they may succeed and the level of care that the members of the organizations have with the finished product. These two concerns are related as, while it may be easier to track mistakes due to specialization, there is also the possibility that once the project has already gone out of the hands of a specific part of the organization they will not anymore care for the effects as the mistakes may not be part of their department; this may lead to some problems regarding again the relationships of the people within the department and how they believe they are responsible to a specific part of the production of the services and also within the treatments of the organization regarding their mistakes. It is thus up to the company to ensure that they can work on encouraging their workers and also attempt to help them in caring for the services that the organizations themselves offer to the people. In doing so, leadership and management need to be established to help the workers within the project adjust to their workloads and also with their ideas accordingly with each other and thus be able to produce the necessary results.             Relationships of organizations mostly depend of the abilities of the employees and also the ideas that they, as part of separate agencies, may develop over time. In establishing inter-professional and inter-agency relationships, the outcomes that the organizations and the projects may produce may improve, but there is also the need to emphasize on the need for human resource management as well as specific goals that need to be followed in order to guarantee the outcome of success for the project.

Benefits and Barriers of Inter-agency Work

Challenges of Inter-Professional and Inter-Agency The growth of a person highly depends on the ways in which they are a...

To assess the effectiveness of patient education on pain management pre-operatively in post-operation care

To assess the effectiveness of patient education on pain management pre-operatively in post-operation care

Abstract The paper proposes to explore the dynamic and nature of patient education pertaining to patient management. Rela...

Introduction: A Reflection on the Use of Range of Theories in an Analysis of Utility Store Organisation

1.0 Introduction             In an organization, it is important to recognize that individuals, groups and organizations have their individual needs and demands that must be satisfied. As a result, attention will be drawn towards the fact that organizations and the entities involved in it are dependent on a wider environment for different factors to survive. Thus, it pertains on the open system approach towards the organization (Morgan, 1998).             Utility Store is considered as one of the largest retail supermarket in Pakistan with 5,711 stores and with more than 16,500 employees. It offers fresh foods and dairy products to its customers (Utility Store, 2009). The organization is headed by the chairman of the company, with the board of directors under the organisational structure. Board of directors include non-executive chairman, chief executive, group retail director, group trading director, group finance director and senior independent director at the strategic level. At the tactical level, every store has independent store manager which connect the board of directors and operational staffs. Operational staffs are the duty manager and shop floor staff (Utility Stores, 2009).              Fresh products are all delivered into the temperature controlled warehouses and packed in the packing plants, and will be later on dispatched to stores in the entire country. On the other hand, Utility store sell milk, chocolates, confectionary, rice, flour, cooking oil, sugar and other home care products, which include Surf, Vim and Wheel, together with different personal products, such as Axe, Dove, Lifebouy, Lux, Rexona, Signal and Sunsilk (Utility Stores, 2009).             Working as customer service assistant at one of the Utility Store’s stores in Muzaffarabad Pakistan, the author had the opportunity to analyse the implementation and domain of information technology (IT) in the organisation. His main responsibilities are the customer services, co-ordination with the shop floor staff and regular reporting to the duty manager. This working relationship enables the author to have background information and experience with the strategies of the company, particularly the application of IT and information system (IS) in the company.

Introduction: A Reflection on the Use of Range of Theories in an Analysis of Utility Store Organisation

1.0 Introduction In an organization, it is important to recognize that individuals, groups and organizations have their individ...

A Comparative Study between Members and Non-Members of Fraternity and Sorority

A Comparative Study between Members and Non-Members of Fraternity and Sorority                 It is a natural human instinct to have the feeling of belonging to a group   where he is comfortable with. It could be a formal group with a set of goals or just   a group of friends where you get along well. Whatever it is, having an affiliation   develops relationship with other people and interpersonal skills.               Affiliations vary in form depending on the objectives of the group. There   are some doing environmental work, some engaging in socio-civic activities,   while some just gathered because of same interests and talents. But, one of the   most known affiliations is the fraternity and sorority.               Fraternity and sorority usually connote a secret society with a form of   initiation through admission, formal codes of behavior and disciplinary   procedures. But simply, a fraternity is a brotherhood like any other organization.   The only distinction between a fraternity and any other form of social group is the   implication that the members associate themselves as equals for a mutual   beneficial purpose rather than because of religious or familial bond. Fraternities   and sororities have been organized for many purposes such as university   education, ethics, work skills, ethnicity, politics, chivalry and service. No matter   how diverse the beliefs and goals of different fraternities and sororities, the   commonality among them is the explicit mutual support for every member.               However, despite the traditions that fraternities and sororities were   founded on public service and camaraderie, these organizations are well-known   for partying, excessive drinking, drug use, sexual aggression, and hazing.   Although these perceptions and accusations are not justified according to frat   members, studies reveal otherwise.                 In the United States, a 2002 report “A Call to Action: Changing the Culture   at U.S. Colleges” by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse reveals that   fraternities and sororities’ members drink more often in greater quantities than   other college students.   The Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS) found   out that 75 percent of fraternity members engaged in heavy drinking in compared   to 49 percent of non-fraternity members. While 62 percent of sorority members   drink more often than non-member female students.               CAS also found out that excessive drinking takes toll on the academic   performance and social engagement of fraternity and sorority members. 50   percent of students living in a fraternity or sorority house perform poorly on a test   in compared to 25 percent of all students. 59 percent of fraternity and sorority   members had an argument or fight in compared to 35 percent of general college   population. While 70 percent missed a class as opposed to 33 percent of all   students. Alcohol-related consequences include vandalism, injuries, and verbal   assaults.               Moreover, drug abuse is also connected with fraternities and sororities.   According to a 2004 article entitled “Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants   among US College Students: Prevalence and Correlates from a National   Survey”, it found out that fraternity and sorority members are more likely to abuse   prescription stimulants and marijuana than other college students do. Alcohol   abuse, drug use and dangerous behaviors are more likely to develop inside the   brotherhood because the fraternities and sororities itself fosters this kind of   culture. Also, socialization and self-selection attributes in having these sinister   activities in connection with their affiliations.               Fraternities and sororities are deeply rooted with the ideologies and   philosophies that would create a better world. Public service, chivalry and   camaraderie are the basic foundation of any brotherhood. However, due to   changing generations and bad influences of today, it became a den of malign   activities and dangerous behaviors that will eventually destroy the society they   once want to change for the better.               What’s necessary for the founders of fraternities and sororities is to relive   their objectives and goals rather than being distracted by superficial things   created by peer pressure. Inter-fraternal activities that would initiate programs in   preventing drug and alcohol abuse would deem necessary in the degrading   perception of fraternities and sororities. Also, greater efforts in positive   contributions to the community such as sponsoring social events and volunteer   works would uplift the morale and image of brotherhoods that is more known for   notorious substance abuse and hazing initiations. Re-emphasizing the goals and   objectives of having a better community would restructure what is being a   member of a fraternity and sorority.         References:   Larimer, Mary, Predicting Drinking Behavior and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Fraternity and Sorority Members: Examining the Role of Descriptive and Injunctive Norms, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Caron, Sandra et. al., Article: Alcohol use among fraternity and sorority members: looking at change over time, March 2004, http://www.highbeam.com Drapeau, Robert, Attitudes of undergraduate fraternity and non-fraternity males regarding acquaintance rape and sexual aggression, http://escholarship.bc.edu Mathiasen, Robert, Moral Development in Fraternity Members: A Case Study, http://www.questia.com

A Comparative Study between Members and Non-Members of Fraternity and Sorority

A Comparative Study between Members and Non-Members of Fraternity and Sorority It is a natural human instinct to hav...

The Need for Computer Forensics

The industry open arms accepted the computer’s existence in the forensics’ fascinating field. The industry that becoming complex in exchanging the more information available mostly on the net is growing in a rapid rate. The touch of science had already in the system of their profession. And there should be a private eye and a computer scientist the mixes the forensic computer analysts. The whole background of the forensic accounting field is always with the legal, technical, and enforcement of the law upon the investigative intelligence and proficiency in terms of technology. A forensic professional can be as private investigator, corporate professional compliance, and a law official. The addressing of computer forensic needs will help the assessment of the organization’s needs and discuss through the training methods they had been through. As the legal evidence were retrieved from the computer investigation by the following techniques – analysis of techniques, identification, preservation, extraction, documentation, and interpretation.9 Such that computer forensic field became popular topic in computer security circles and in the legal community. The nature of the computer only nurtured the information that is available to analyze in so much time.             Determining the data is also with the matter of preserving the evidence until the time comes where it is needed to be presented. The extraction in the data gathered goes on with the process as they interpret the evidences. And of course, ensuring the evidence should be weighed to be acceptable in the court. The computer-based information is sensitive and can be easily manipulated if it fell in the wrong hands. It can be planted, that’s the forensic accountant specialist is well-trained in a science of training, equipment, and experience.10             Information technology is still on the development process and the new development serves as another impact in the lives of the individuals. Much more of it is the impact of the electronic devices which is part of the law enforcement. The value of electronic evidence should be treated equally with the forensic evidence.             Recovering and maintaining evidence is in a high-risk stake, but the continuous support can make the foundation strong. Dealing with the correctness in the evidence presented will cure the complications of the law that needed a broad enforcement.             Forensic Accountants are certified to detect and interpret both the fraud and non-fraud facts presented, through scrutinizing the details behind the evidences. The resultant effect with the use of technology through the examined accounts, inventories, and other representation is safe in the part of the investigative team. The forensics accountants understands the normal and separate it from the abnormal category which only gives them minimal lead and might cause misleading. The classification process is done through tractions taken upon their training.              The professionalism arises in their blood in a natural way, which is additional to their portfolio. The introduction of the technology in crime-solving process gives a good impression and trust in the investigating organization. What a fascinating world of crime fighters. Conclusions             The change in the electronic world emphasized the importance of every traditional works. The same principles embodied the newly introduced activity and the spirit remains. It is like in the mirror that breaking down into pieces but the reflection is still the same.             It cannot gradually lead the rules into something where it should not be applied but it is responsible in the opening of every possibility where it could be apply. That is the brilliant work of technology and together with a good practice in the comprehension and understanding the systematic approach, the team up of a specialist and the tool he use is indivisible.              There are many available evidences that scattered. Those evidences are with the connection in the current case, the strand of hair, a drip of blood, and notice that the computers are sometimes the main source of the master plan (especially in the “big time” syndicates as seen in television). Wonder how the technology affects the lives of the good and the bad man. Wonder hoe it can establish knowledge and destroy the humanity in one single click.             To begin with, the specialist gathered the data and use techniques that had been used in the past crime scenarios and still can be tested when the court advises it to.  The data has been a part of the subject to peer review or any publication that is related in the case. And the high potentiality of the error rate, which is relevant to the community, should be proved - the reasonable factors that measure the reliability of a testimony and unchanging beyond the times.             The impact of technology is undeniable and can be felt by everybody. Because of the growing awareness in the field where wires, cables, and software involve, the truth for the need of it is already in the system.  References: 1.    Crumbley, L., (n.d.). What is Forensic Accounting? Journal of Forensic Accounting. [Online] R. T. Edwards Inc. Available at: http://www.edwardspub.com/journals/JFA/students.html [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 2.    Pagano, W., (2005). Perspectives of an Accounting Expert as an Expert Consultant and Testifying Witness. The Accountant As An Expert Witness Expert Witnessing in Forensic Accounting (Pagano and Buckhoff). [Online] R. T. Edwards Inc. Available at: http://books.google.com/books [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 3.    Basney, D., (2005). Ten Commandments for Expert Witness. Expert Witnessing in Forensic Accounting (Pagano and Buckhoff). [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.com/books [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 4.    Nolte, D., (2005). How to Succeed as an Expert Witness. Expert Witnessing in Forensic Accounting (Walter J. Pagano and Thomas A. Buckhoff). [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.com/books [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 5.    Steen, S. & Hassell, J., (2004) Computer Forensics 101. Electronic Evidence Retrieval, LLC. [Online] Expert Law. Available at: http://www.expertlaw.com/library/forensic_evidence/computer_forensics_101 [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 6.    Ibid., 7.    Carroll, O., Brannon, S., & Song, T. (2008) Computer Forensics. Digital Forensic Analysis Methodology. Computer Forensics, Vol. 56 No. 1. [Online] Available at: http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/eousa/foia_reading_room/usab5601.pdf. [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 8.    Meyers, M. & Rogers, M. (2004) Computer Forensics. The Need for Standardization and Certification. CERIAS Purdue University. International Journal of Digital Evidence Fall, Vol. 3 No. 2. [Online] Available at: http://www.utica.edu/academic/institutes/ecii/publications/articles/A0B7F51C-D8F9-A0D0-7F387126198F12F6.pdf [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 9.    Anonymous (2004). The Needs for Computer Forensics. [Online] Media Wiley Inc. Available at: http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/5X/07821437/078214375X-1.pdf [Accessed 11 September 2009]. 10.  Ibid.,

The Need for Computer Forensics

The industry open arms accepted the computer’s existence in the forensics’ fascinating field. The industry that becoming complex in exchangi...

Media Reaction: Portrayal of diversity in the media

Media Reaction: Portrayal of diversity in the media The article refers to ‘Minority Journalists Push Media to Maintain Diversity Commitment’ as written by Michelle D. Anderson (2008), it was related to a media advisory released, the National Association of Black Journalists had an urgent message for the newspaper industry, quoted “Diversity should not be treated like a passing fad and it should continue to be a top priority”. Showing diversity landscape of the US, upon exposure to such American Black print journalists, warned that it would hold the industry accountable if managers did not consider diversity in recruiting and hiring practices. To the extent that stereotyping issues can be evident as for instance, Anderson point out shocking number of layoffs and buyout packages, leaving many concerned journalists questioning whether diversity will become the "sacrificial lamb" as newsroom managers and recruiters focus on the economy's impact on newsrooms. For instance, Tribune Company hosts the highly competitive program, which is two-year diversity initiative designed to help beginning journalists launch careers in Tribune newsrooms, including the Chicago Tribune and the Baltimore Sun. Fostered better understanding of diversity and multiculturalism since, there has been audience aggregation, an attempt on the part of news executives to identify which audiences to target and the products that will be suited to each target group based on specific set of criteria," says Lloyd, who was the founding executive director of the Freedom Forum Diversity Institute, housed at Vanderbilt University, the institute ran a now-defunct program responsible for training dozens of second-career journalists of color (2008, p. 16). Anderson also noted that, “advertisers often focus on women because they make key buying decisions in their families, people of color and immigrants have often been ignored as key target audiences”. The concrete understanding is related to the state of diversity wherein the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) released its annual Newsroom Employment Census, revealing that newsroom staffs decreased by 4.4 percent and that the number of minority journalists in the industry went up just barely from 13.4 percent to 13.5 percent.  According to a 2008 survey, the Los Angeles Times newsroom consisted of 19.1 percent minorities - 8.7 percent Asian American; 3.1 percent Black; 7.1 percent Hispanic and 0.2 percent American Indian (Anderson 2008, p. 16).  Furthermore, ASNE began conducting the annual survey in 1978 in an effort to measure the industry's success in recruiting and retaining journalists of color so that the percent of minorities in newsrooms would be representative of the general population and the communities that newspapers cover. ASNE's decision to conduct the survey came on the 10th anniversary of the well-known federal Kerner Commission declaration, which stated that the poor coverage of inner-city communities facing riots and upheaval at the time was because of a shortage of minority journalists in newsrooms across the nation. The situation is ideally something many journalists of color had been saying for some time. Thus, agreeing that there is ample need of journalists from all backgrounds to ensure that US media has been fulfilling an effective yet credible public service role and to accurately reflect what's going on among individual lives of the people. There leads to policies in the US as it aims to integrate media people and ethnic minorities within the media assumption, as print media is also essential for the creation of multi-culture based schemes which integrate journalists to be aware of increasingly diverse US society. There has been issues in order to achieve newsroom diversity within the media with policies to increase the diversity in the print media. The development for media diversity can account to problems of integration of ethnic minorities as being obvious, along with diversity known pressures for example, the finding of political solutions for the situation has been rising. The situation on media markets is favouring 'mainstream' content, reflecting diversity only insufficiently as addressing of positive possibility of diverse public sphere, which have active part in the realisation of US democracy and its social relationships to other cultures. In addition, aspect of the diversity discourse as focus on media commitment such as certain attempts to bring closure to the political contestation in the name of empirical objectivity or expert knowledge. With increasing inclination to develop empirical indicators to measure media diversity, the scholarly and policy discourse on media diversity has arguably shifted to more instrumental considerations and practices that link with the general trends of technocratisation and instrumental rationality in public policy as there alludes to objectivity and neutrality that seem to transcend the dilemmas inherent in terms such as quality or social responsibility in assessing media performance.             ________________ Anderson, M.D. (2008). Minority Journalists Push Media to Maintain Diversity Commitment. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. Volume: 25. Issue: 12, July 24, 2008, p. 16+. Cox, Matthews & Associates, Inc. by ProQuest LLC

Media Reaction: Portrayal of diversity in the media

Media Reaction: Portrayal of diversity in the media The article refers to ‘Minority Journalists Push Media to Maintain Diversity Commit...

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