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Marketing in the Banking Industry and its Effect on the Environment Research Proposal Paper

Marketing in the Banking Industry and its Effect on the Environment Introduction The banking industry stays strong in the middle of the financial crunch and the economic stress. The power of the country lies in their financial stability. The financial operation of the country can erect the various financial gaps and growth for the company. The banking industry is also affected by the globalization and as a form of business, it is natural for the banks to do actions according to the benefit of the organization.  Background and Problem Statement The power of the banks depends on the regulatory environment in which the banks operate. In a perfect competition, there is a great relationship between the banks and the market that together contributes to the growth of the economy. The marketing aspect of the banks stimulates the participation of the market in saving and investment. In addition, due to the use of the marketing process, the banking industry can also handle the various situations in the economy. However, what are the effects of the marketing in banking industry and its environment.  Research Objectives The first objective of the study is to discover the relationship between each aspect and concept of marketing in the banking industry. The second objective of the study to assess the competitiveness that involves in the banking industry. All of the objectives that lie in the banking industry will create great impact in the financial stability of the country. Research Questions The study prepared several questions that can help the study achieve its objective in identifying the marketing in the banking industry and as well as its effects. 1.      What is the purpose of the marketing in the banking industry? 2.      What are the benefits that the banking industry can realize in using the marketing as a strategy? 3.      What are the views of the banking leaders regarding the marketing? Literature Review The specification of the basic model an interaction between this measure of bank powers and financial dependence, and both bank powers alone and the interaction to the extended model. In the basic model the bank concentration interaction remains highly significant, while the bank development interaction loses significance. Specifically, the result suggests that the deadweight loss from bank concentration is strongest in countries with the most constrained regulatory environment (Cetorelli and Gambera, 1999). Traditionally, the role of banks whether in a developed or developing economy, consists of financial intermediation, provision of an efficient payments system and serving as conduit for the implementation of monetary policies. It has been postulated that if these functions are efficiently carried out, the economy would be able to mobilize meaningful level of savings and channel these funds in an efficient and effective manner to ensure that no viable project is frustrated due to lack of funds. The role of banks in economic development has been richly articulated in the literatures. The financial institutions play a significant role in contributing the economic development (Donli, 2003). Methodology The applied method in the study is the use of the comparative case study wherein the current study can find an advantage to use the past studies in the incorporating the empirical thoughts. The study can compare, review, and assess the information that can help the study generate its own analysis. Conclusion The banking industry remains in the middle of losses if the financial institution did not provided such actions like the marketing programs. It may affect the nature and environment of the business but the changes that might happen can create such difference and gather other positive results. In addition, the marketing strategies of the banks can be enjoyed by the people much as saving and loaning services that they can give.  References: Cetorelli, N.,& Gambera, M., 1999. Banking Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Growth: International Evidence from Industry Data [Online] Available at: http://fic.wharton.upenn.edu/fic/papers/00/0019.pdf [Accessed 16 March 2010]. Donli, J.G., 2003. The State and Future of the Banking Industry in Nigeria [Online] Available at: http://www.ndic-ng.com/pdf/tsafobin.pdf [Accessed 16 March 2010].

Marketing in the Banking Industry and its Effect on the Environment Research Proposal Paper

Marketing in the Banking Industry and its Effect on the Environment Introduction The banking industry stays strong in the middle of th...

Free Thesis Statements on Prospects and Challenges of Taxation in Africa

Free Thesis Statements Prospects and Challenges of Taxation in Africa <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt"> Tax is one of the factors that affect all of us and not only in business society of Africa.  Taxes lessen our disposable income, thus, our spending and saving. In most of us, tax is considered as a burden but for the government, tax is a help to materialize its plans. Basically, the implementation of tax as a way of redistributing income hurt and benefited different group of people.  Apparently, people benefiting from it find tax as a help and people who end up paying higher find it a burden. As the government imposes tax, it affects different classes of people and depending on the tax system that it chooses to adopt.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt"> The most direct and visible method for governments of Africa to influence businesses is through taxation. It is the system used by national administrations to acquire money from both people and organizations. Collected taxes are then used in to support the government itself as well as to finance public services. Taxation is not only relatively permanent but compulsory as well. In addition, the amount contributed by an individual is not directly related to the extent of government services he or she receives.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt"> Tax evaluation is necessary since lacking of it can give a big headache for business organizations in Africa. In essence, debt financing in consideration to tax and capital structure is inexpensive than equity financing since it is a tax acceptable expense.  But, it is also more dedicated (hence, risky) due to repaying that includes the interest and principal and it is compulsory even if the business organization ends to a loss.  Moreover, excessively debt can dampen shareholder and their funds from inflowing the organisation’s capital for the reason that ordinary shareholder is just honored with the profit left over after the creditors are compensated.</li>

Free Thesis Statements on Prospects and Challenges of Taxation in Africa

Free Thesis Statements Prospects and Challenges of Taxation in Africa Tax is one of the factors that affect all of us and not...

SPSS

1. Using the T test of means, the difference of the data can be measured. The table 1 is to measure the difference of the weights using the program 1. The analysis of the data is given below: One-Sample Test   Test Value = 0               t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference               Lower Upper   WBP 11.422 14 .000 86.0667 69.9057 102.2276   WAP 27.142 14 .000 67.8000 62.4423 73.1577     The program 2 is given below: One-Sample Test   Test Value = 0               t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference               Lower Upper   WBP 28.332 14 .000 80.6000 74.4983 86.7017   WAP 26.115 14 .000 69.0000 63.3332 74.6668     The program 3 is given below: One-Sample Test   Test Value = 0               t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference               Lower Upper   WBP 35.610 14 .000 77.8000 73.1141 82.4859   WAP 28.365 14 .000 63.8000 58.9759 68.6241     Based on the data above the most effective way of weight loss is the program 1 for having the most number of the weight loss.   Question 1.B Correlation One of the statistical techniques that can be shown on the relationship of the two variables is related is through the use of correlation. This means that the correlation analysis is the method used in measuring the strength and its relationship between the two variables with the aid of the single number which is so called the correlation coefficient. As an example, there is a relationship between the height and the weight of the people thought it is not perfect. This means that the people of the same height will vary on their weight. This can also signifies that the correlation can also tell the variability of the weight of the people as it relates in their height. There are also different types of correlation techniques as the Survey System’s Optional Statistics Module that includes most of the common type as the product-moment and the Pearson. The correlation is also appropriate for any data and it can works for the data wherein the numbers are meaningful as it contains in the quantities of some sort. Most of the statistician tells that it is not applicable for the rating scale but some still using it though it is required to have so much care. The correlation coefficient is the main result of the correlation analysis or simply “ r “ which ranges from + 0.01 to + 0.99 this means that as the r is closer to +1 of -1, the variables are also closely related. This means that if the r is close to 0, then, the variables have no correlation. In getting positive value of r, it only means that the one variable gets larger the other also gets larger. In the case of negative value of r, it is sometimes called the inverse correlation. Squaring the value r yield to the percentage of the variation of one variable as it relates to the other variable. This means that an r value of 0.7 has a 49% of the related variance. The second part is the technique of Pearson correlation which is usually use in the linear relationship wherein as the variable gets larger the other also gets larger or it can be smaller but in the direct proportion (Creative Research System, 2002). The formula for finding the value of r is:                         Source: Research Methods Knowledge Base   In doing the said technique, it is important to determine that the correlation only affects only one subject and not to the others. This means that violations occur if one chose the half of the groups’ subject and other half of the other because there will affect also the half subjects and to the other half. There is also an invalid calculations if the value of X and Y are intertwined as the value of the midterm to the overall scores wherein the midterm is one of the criteria in the overall scores. Controlling the values of X signifies that it is better to calculate the linear regression and not the correlation.     Simple Linear Regression The regression projects the distribution of the variable which is called response and with the aide of the one or more predictors. In the incident of studying one predictor to its relationship to the response variable, then it is called the simple regression analysis. The components of the model of simple linear regression is forecasted to be the relationship between the variable of X and Y or some of the transformation of X. This means that air of he (X,Y) is being observed for unit of n and can yield to a sample of the pair (x1, y1), (x2,y2)…..(xn,yn). This can be graph in the scatter plot and can also provide the clue for the possible relationship of X and Y. This also means that the scatter plot will be a huge clue for eh possible relationship of the Y and X. In order to understand the analysis and the concept of regression, it is advisable to determine the simple linear regression model for the investigation of the response relationship variable of Y and X.  (Astro Temple, n.d.). The standard regression equation is: y = mx +b  where: y = predicted value Fitting the regression equation into the set of data has a reason of describing the data and to predict the response of the carrier. The regression line had been calculated because it can be seen and use for to the prediction. This line can also gives the good fit for the set of data when the points are close to it. This means that value which are obtained from the line must be close to it that to other line. In assessing for the fit of the line, the vertical distances of the points and to the other lines are the only one that matters. The line of regression is also called to be the least square regression equation. This also means that the sum of the squares in its residual must be least. There is also importance of fitting large number of lines trough the aide of trial and error in finding the best fit. This can also be minimized trough the line for which   or it can also be computed manually (Dallal, 2000).  The regression can also be use for prediction wherein the confidence interval can be a best way in assessing the quality of the prediction. In the prediction using the regression, the confidence interval in the single forecast value of the Y is also corresponds to the chosen value of X and to the straight pint of line. Estimating the value of the m and b needs to use the criterion of least-squared-error that will want to find in estimating the value of m and Y which can also minimize the difference between the predicted and the observed values for all of the value of X. The error can be found through searching for procedure in the evaluated and propose different values of m and b. The other way is trough the approach of using the calculus in finding the equations for estimating the m and b (IBM, 2003). To make it short, the simple linear regression is the modeling technique to study further due to fact that it is the main way for the understanding to the more advanced forms of modeling statistics. This can also be a versatile modeling technique which can be use in modeling the curvilinear data through the transformation of the raw of data which are commonly having the logarithmic or the transformation power. The said transformation can also make the data linear in order for using the simple linear regression in modeling the data. The results of the model which is linear can be expressed through the linear formula that relates to the transformed values (Ibid). In the given problems being solved, the regression and the correlation had been responsible in determining the relationship of the programs and the weights of the clients. This can also be used in forecasting the value of the weights as it relates to the given programs.   Question 2. Chi-Square Technique a. The chi-square technique is use for the investigation of the difference of the categorical variable distribution. Normally, the variable can yield the data into numerical variable or to categories in the numerical form. On the other hand, the chi square statistics had been done in comparing for the counts and for the tallies of the categorical response between the independent group of two or more (Eck, 2001). The formula for the chi-square statistics is: The technique of chi-square can be use in determining for the worth of the effort of the researcher in interpreting the contingency table. This is therefore required in the interpretation of the results.   b. For the more precise use of chi-square, the example below shows the incidence of the three types of Malaria in the three tropical regions. The table of values are given below:    Asia Africa South America Totals  Malaria A 31 14 45 90  Malaria B 2 5 53 60  Malaria C 53 45 2 100  Totals  86 64 100 250                                     Source: Mathbeans Project by Eck, 2001 The following table had now been set up, Observed Expected |O -E|  (O — E)2  (O — E)2/ E  31  30.96  0.04  0.0016  0.0000516  14  23.04  9.04 81.72 3.546  45  36.00  9.00 81 2.25  2  20.64  18.64 347.45 16.83  5  15.36  10.36 107.33 6.99  53  24.00  29.00 841 35.04  53  34.40  18.60 345.96 10.06  45  25.60  19.40 376.36 14.7  2  40.00  38.00  1444.00 36.1                                     Source: Mathbeans Project by Eck, 2001 The computed value of the chi square is 125.516 with the degree of freedom of (c-1)(r-1) = 4. In this particular problem, the chi-square distribution table is given below: Df 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001 1 0.455 2.706 3.841 5.412 6.635 10.827 2 1.386 4.605 5.991 7.824 9.21 13.815 3 2.366 6.251 7.815 9.837 11.345 16.268 4 3.357 7.779 9.488 11.668 13.277 18.465 5 4.351 9.236 11.07 13.388 15.086 20.517                         Source: Mathbeans Project by Eck, 2001     In this particular study, the decision is that the null hypothesis needs to reject because there is no relationship between the malaria and to the location. In the sample problem, it had been expected that the there is a relationship of the place and the decease which resulted of having no relationship base on the chi square method.   c. The technique of using the chi-square is that it can be seen as to general. This can also be applied for any of the distribution either trough continuous or for discrete wherein the function of cumulative distribution is can be computed. This means that the data plot can support the chi-square for all of the distribution whereas it can support the function of CDF. Nevertheless, the chi square can be sensitive on the performance of binning the data as well as it requires enough sample size in order to get 5 as the minimum expected frequency. In using the chi square technique, misleading or incorrect analysis can be done if there is a violation on the assumptions of goodness of fit. Some of the examples of the potential assumption violations are the lack of independence, the structural zero, the outliers, special problems which has the continuous variables, and the expected cell frequencies for the chi-square test expected are small.      Bibliography Chi Square 2001, Math Beans Project, Eck, viewed 21 April, 2008, http://math.hws.edu/javamath/ryan/ChiSquare.html. Correlation 2002, Creative Research Systems, viewed 21 April, 2008, http://www.surveysystem.com/correlation.htm. Correlation 2006, Research Methods Knowledge Base, viewed 21 April, 2008, http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statcorr.php. Simple Linear Regression 2003, IBM, viewed 21 April, 2008, http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/web/library/wa-linphp2/. Simple Linear Regression 2000, TUFTS, viewed 21 April, 2008, http://www.tufts.edu/~gdallal/slr.htm. Simple Linear Regression n.d., Astro Temple, viewed 21 April, 2008, http://astro.temple.edu/~jagbir/regression1.pdf.

SPSS

1. Using the T test of means, the difference of the data can be measured. The table 1 is to measure the difference of the weights using t...

HR Business Partner Essay

HR Business Partner             In creating a value for HR through the people, the effort must begin from operational to strategic, qualitative to quantitative, policing to partnering, short-term to long-term, administrative to consultative, functionally-oriented to business-oriented, internally-focused to externally and customer-focused, reactive to proactive and activity-focused to solutions-focused. In particular, the capability of the HR manager to hone a high-commitment, a high-performance and high-involvement workforce transcends towards a competitive edge to boot. It is worth noting that the notion of an effective HR manager greatly differs in the way people perceived an effective modern HR manager. There was a steady linkage between best practices and business performance and that these benchmark HR managing practices can be applied to any organization. From an organizational perspective, the fast-paced organizational changes necessitate the need for pro-active and process-oriented HR managers since much of the responsibilities and controls are vested within them. The growing need to readily adopt policies to strategies must mean splitting broad managerial functions into specific areas of responsibility. The new HR managers’ role extends beyond the traditional HR applications like staffing, reward systems and performance review. Their novel roles now involves recruiting, hiring, training, organizational development, communication, performance management, coaching, policy recommendation, salary and benefits, teambuilding, employee relations and leadership. Nevertheless, there are three additional roles for HR managers and these are employee advocates, change champion and strategic business partners.             As employee advocates, the HR manager’s tasks are centered on creating and establishing a work environment wherein people will choose to be motivated, contributing and happy. To foster an effective method towards goal-setting, communication and empowerment through responsibility is to build the sense of ownership amongst the employees. Thus, a competence and committed organizational culture and climate stems from a competent and committed workforce. And who better provide this than an equally competitive, committed and effective HR manager. Through this, the HR manager not only motivates their people but also provides employee development opportunities and assistance.               Further, the knowledge about and the ability of HR managers to execute successful change strategies within the organizations make them exceptionally valued. Since changes minimizes employee dissatisfaction and resistance to change, HR managers must efficiently deliver HR practices through promoting and identifying organizational mission, vision, goals and objective as well as applying this on everyday activities. HR managers must serve to fulfill action plans, manage transformation and ensure capacity for change as well.              When it comes to being strategic business partners, business partnership between the organization and the HR managers are more facilitative and aims at developing self-sufficiency. One of the advantages of this model is the close integration of HR functions with the business though role definitions might get blurry along the way. Another is its application in smaller organizations compared to larger companies as this was perceived as added strategic value unless individuals will assert their respective roles. Notably, this model is embedded on ideologies that hinder sound collaboration. One should observed that business partner models for HR seek for a strong working relationship with the line, good knowledge of local business issues, intelligent clients who value consultation processes, an ability to access strategic issues, clear role boundaries with transactional HR and an ability to pull in expertise when required. In essence, it is necessary to answer ‘who does who’ and ‘what does what’. To serve a valuable business strategy, HR managers need to acquire knowledge, skills, abilities and personalities necessary to be competent in this field. Personal such as flexibility and adoptability and technical skills are much-needed through increasing their knowledge on HR policies and processes while ensuring legislative and company policy compliance. Influencing skills are also looked-for as well as people management skills. In addition, political skills may be considered. HR managers are required to have broad knowledge of the company’s business, either internal or external, and must act on achieving a knowledge-centric culture. Though HR managers are also subject to ethical criticisms and HR manager’s reputation always on a juggle, still they must behave and find ways to increase their abilities in recognizing moral issues and developing their moral sensitivities. This reflects in everyday operations and the harmonious climate in the workforce. As argued, the fact the ‘good’ is ‘right’ and ‘right’ is morally accepted must be weighed by the HR managers in decision-making. Moreover, the professionalism of HR managers based on ‘personality’ must be measured through contingency models instead of a ‘fit-in’. The humane aspect of HR managers is always criticized; therefore, management must choose managers that can initially align their personality to internal culture and climate.

HR Business Partner Essay

HR Business Partner In creating a value for HR through the people, the effort must begin from operational to strategic, qu...

The Ethical Dilemma of Human Cloning

The Ethical Dilemma of Human Cloning                 “Life is a test and this world a place of trial.  Always the problems – or it may be the same problem- will be presented to every generation in different forms.”                                                                                                             Winston Churchill               The ethical dilemma of human cloning primarily lies on the debate whether it is right or wrong using as basis, the moral standards set by contemporary society.  The issue of cloning a human being was brought to the public’s attention when the news broke out about the successful cloning of a sheep named “Dolly” by Ian Wilmut, a Scottish scientist from Roslin Institute in Scotland on July 5, 1996 (United States National Bioethics Advisory Commission, 2001).             To best understand the ethical dilemma of cloning a human being is to hear both sides of the story.  The advocates and the opponents belong to two clashing groups of people that base their reasons on the line of a great argumentation.  Further deliberations on the issue have stirred national interest all over the world and has even merited the attention of national governments.  For example, US President Bill Clinton had instituted a ban on US federal funding related to attempts to clone human beings (United States National Bioethics Advisory Commission, 2001).             The process with which “Dolly” has been created is called “somatic cell nuclear transfer” where in the doctors take the egg from the donor and remove the nucleus of the egg, creating an enucleated egg.  A “cell” which contains the DNA is then taken from the person who is being cloned, and then the enucleated egg is fused together with the cloning subject’s cell using electricity and thus creating an embryo, which is implanted into a surrogate mother (Bonsor,     ).  If the process is successful, then the surrogate mother will give birth to a baby. However, the procedure itself is not perfect because it took more than 277 attempts before Dolly was created as a health viable lamb (Virginia edu, 1998).  It only imposes that there are possible risks or biological damages to the potential child with the process, which is considered as a “reproductive” cloning because it replicates a copy of a human (Dooley, 2001).             The process itself is one of the many reasons why there are people against human cloning who also question the ethics of doing it.  Due to this arising conflicts between the advocates and the opponents, then US President Clinton asked the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) to resolve the ethical and legal issues that revolve around the subject of cloning human beings using “somatic cell nuclear transfer” and its potential risks and benefits (United States National Bioethics Advisory Commission, 2001).             The great concerns of the opposing group lie on the safety of the process, its consequences and the fear that the clone would not be considered as an “individual” but just a mere “copy” of someone else.  However, the advocates of human cloning stated clearly that even if a clone is just a “copy”, it doesn’t mean that he (or she) is not an “individual.”  A clone is defined as the delayed identical twin.  He may have the same genes as the original but he is still a different person biologically, psychologically, morally and legally (and that even includes even his fingerprints  (Wachbroit,      ).             The ethical concerns of the issue, in my own point of view, as I went through thorough readings and analysis of the subject, is not actually the morality per se, but the reasons and purposes behind the attempts to clone a human.  The advocates firmly believe that the use of cloning human would give medical breakthroughs to find cures of some diseases like cancer, AIDS and other incurable illnesses.  They stated the possibility of controlling the growth of cancer cells or discover the cause of other kinds of diseases as well.  On the other hand, the opponents fear that if ever the ban on human cloning will be lifted, allowing scientists to freely perform the process and somehow the process becomes successful, the desire to manipulate or control the clones will most likely happen. These musings however are mostly speculations.  However, with so much controversy with regard to the issue, no one can really tell.             The “fears” of the opponents and the “beneficial reasons” of the advocates have turned a debatable subject into the more complicated issue of whether cloning a human being is right or wrong.  Where in fact the ethical dilemma is not hard to understand at all, for it’s just that the factors involving the issue - the risks, consequences, reasons, intentions and benefits of human cloning - are what makes it hard for an individual to comprehend its ethics and legality.             The opponents believe that it is “morally wrong” because what they are trying to do is making a life out of a scientific procedure which is still morally unacceptable today.  In other words, scientists are trying to “play God”.  No matter if we have different religions or beliefs, we have been brought up believing that the only provider of life is none other than God himself.  Conversely, the advocates of human cloning argue that what they are trying to do is to seek beneficial opportunities for the human race through the use of science and technology – among them, finding cures to some diseases with “therapeutic” cloning, which would intentionally destroy newly created embryonic cells of the cloned humans for other research projects (Dooley,        ).  The intention of this kind of research is to find cures for some diseases using the embryonic cells of the cloned humans which only means killing eventually the newly created life of the embryo for the purpose of saving ill patients.              The morally questionable issue is the process itself and how cheap the doctors value the life that is formed in that embryo.  Opponents to cloning argue that no matter if that is only a cell that they are willing to sacrifice, it has already a life that has a right of existence.             Considering that cloning a human could become legal and likewise be morally acceptable sooner in human society, then how could we possibly protect the rights and dignity of the cloned humans, if today we can’t even give them the rights to live when they are being used as experiments in medical researches.              With respect to social responsibility, the ethical dilemma of human cloning can be considered a lesser evil if compared to the other problems in society.  Being a very opinionated person myself, I believe that there are more important problems in society that need more attention rather than keeping in tune with the moral disputes of the opposing parties of human cloning.              I do not detest the possibility of cloning a human someday but I strongly believe that a family where the clone would come shoulders a great responsibility in rearing the child no matter if he (or she) is considered to be just a “copy” or “delayed twin” of the original being cloned.  The fact that everyone deserves to live even if he (or she) came from cloning is a truth that no one can oppose.  It should however be discussed in a very careful manner bestowing concern on the future and existence of the cloned person.             Hence, the major problem that would threaten the creation of human clones is anchored on the process itself and on the greater risks and consequences of the procedure.  Nowadays, the technology in human cloning is still considered to be premature and might impose a lot of imperfections on the research and experiments.             Another thing that I personally fear and doubt on human cloning is the possibility of “bringing the dead back to life.”  It gives me a creepy feeling because I believe in the presence of the soul in a human being.  If scientists do try to clone a dead human and bring them back to life, it will only open more Pandora’s boxes on other pressing moral issues.  And if they somehow, successfully clone a human being already dead, would this clone of a dead person possess the presence of a soul? Would it mean that man is already defying the capabilities that only the Supreme Being used to possess? Would it already be considered a sin? And how about other corollary questions like the possibility of life after death and the presence of heaven or hell? If man could already clone a dead person and bring back its life then, perhaps we can no longer answer these questions because we might not experience anymore how to die permanently because we can live as long as we want to.  So many questions are raised just by the thought of cloning humans, what more if the human being to be cloned is already dead and could eventually be brought back to life?             On the side of the opponents and critics of human cloning, I can see how much these people value the essence of life made through natural, God-given ways and not as objects processed through advanced methods in science and technology.  I understand how they want to protect the sanctity and morality of life by standing firmly against the advocates of human cloning. They want to preserve and protect human life.  The fact that biotechnology can make breakthroughs without cloning a human being or sacrificing an embryonic cell created through human cloning is more appealing.  Scientists, doctors and advocates of human cloning should at least refrain from pushing the idea of cloning a human being, and instead, concentrate on improving biotechnologies that could further lengthen human life.  Opponents of human cloning believe that the procedure is inhuman, including the Scottish scientist who created Dolly.  Ian Wilmut believes that most of his fellow scientists misunderstood his studies because so many of them are now trying desperately to use the techniques he used in cloning Dolly to clone a human being.             Being just a mere opinion giver on the tackled issue, I presume that even if there are people who agree or disagree with me, the possibility of cloning a human in the very near future is highly inevitable, whether the intentions are beneficial to man or are solely for the narcissistic reasons of madmen.

The Ethical Dilemma of Human Cloning

The Ethical Dilemma of Human Cloning “Life is a test and this world a place of trial. Always the problems – or it ...

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DISSERTATION

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DISSERTATION A.     God wants marriages, including pastoral marriages, to last forever. As a denomination that considers the Bible to be inspired by God, Seventh-day Adventists hold marriage to be a sacred covenant under God. According to the biblical perspective, marriage must remain forever until death do us part. B.     Currently, no studies on divorce among pastors in the South Sao Paulo Conference have been made. C.     This study should strengths the pastoral families showing the negative effects that divorce had caused on some pastor families in South Sao Paulo Conference. D.     This study will helps the organization financially by the avoidance of the scandal          generated by divorce.                              E.      Divorce among pastors produce scandal that that effects the growth of the church.

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DISSERTATION

JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DISSERTATION A. God wants marriages, including pastoral marriages, to last forever. As a denomination that co...

The River Between

Instructions for Paper: The Title of the book The River Between For this paper, you will need to have read The River Between by Ngugi Wa Thiong. Throughout the book, Ngugi gives us a rich and detailed description of village life in Africa. He describes the villages of Kameno and Makuyu. Yet, beyond his descriptions, Ngugi is struggling with some really important issues such as tradition versus modernization, the power of education, the practice of female circumcision, and change. For this paper, I would like you to give me an analysis of what Ngugi is trying to say through this story. That is, what position is Ngugi taking in regard to the issues presented in the book? What is going to happen to Wiyaki and Nyambura? Why does he end it this way? What is his message and who is it aimed at? Use examples from the book to support your ideas. The paper should be focused on the questions that I have outlined above. The best papers will use evidence directly from the text to support their arguments.

The River Between

Instructions for Paper: The Title of the book The River Between For this paper, you will need to have read The River B...

Social Movement of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom

Social Movement of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom   Introduction   Social movements are one of the major vehicles for social change and as such have been the object of many studies since the beginning of the social sciences. But still, in spite of a long-standing recognition the importance of social movements, there is still a much heated debate on the question, what is a social movement? A social movement may be defined as a continuing, collective attempt to restructure some basic segment of the social order through means other than institutionalized channels. Social movements are considered group actions. Social movements are made up of groups, organizations, or individuals that focus on specific social or political issues. As such, a social movement encompasses both organized and unorganized elements working toward a common objective. The common objective does not have to be very clearly defined or specific. It may be sufficiently diffuse as to encompass within the same social movement elements that differ sharply from one another (2000). The purpose mainly of social movement groups is to resist or undo a social change.             A social movement is also defined as "a sustained and self-conscious challenge to authorities or cultural codes by a field of actors -- organizations and advocacy networks -- some of which employ extra-institutional means of influence" ( 1996). Here, also, the idea of "challenge to authorities or cultural codes" means the mounting of conceptions of reality that are different from those then prevailing.             Social change lies at the heart of the definition of a social movement. Given the definitions above, a social movement comprises of sustained organizational efforts that have the purpose of changing the structure of society or the distribution of society's resources. The part that law plays in social movements is that law reformers view the law as a strategy or resource that can be used to initiates and chive the social change that is wanted or needed. Since the main purpose of social movements is social change, a reform on the law oftentimes is undertaken to provide a way of initiating the social change ( 2001). In addition and in another sense, this definition is too narrow in focusing on only social change, that is, "societal manipulation." A great many movement enterprises focus instead on personal transformation and reject social change (societal manipulation) as superficial or futile. However, despite these two demurs, the "promote or resist social change" and "insurgent realities" definitions do overlap a good deal and lead to similar although not identical research programs (1996). Given agreement on the common goal, there may be considerable disagreement over tactics in social movements, as well as over specific and secondary objectives. There may be many core associations within the same social movement. These organizations may range from those attempting to reform existing society to those attempting to restructure it completely; from those preferring the use of respectable pressure tactics to those willing to use violence. Unorganized, individual participants are likely to differ even more than organizations. Sometimes these differences will be so extreme that the various segments of a movement may expend more time and energy in fighting each other than in contending with the larger society ( 2000). Social movements and political dynamics are different from other types of complex organizations, such as educational systems, and communities. The social movement theory has, so far, not been able to come up with a definition of social movement that satisfactorily identifies the time and social boundaries of a movement. In other words, social movement theory lacks a commonly accepted definition that delimits social movements in terms of time, membership, and geographical space (2000). However, for the purpose of this paper, social movement is a defined as a continuing, collective attempt to restructure some basic segment of the social order through means other than institutionalized channels. Social movement consists of actions by individuals or groups that are geared towards a social change. Specifically, this paper on social movement will focus on ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. For so many years, ethnic minority groups have struggled for their place in societies. Ethnic minorities have been discriminated in some parts of the country. The discriminations affect education and work among many others. Many movements have surfaced to help change this situation, yet the problem still remains the same somehow in some parts of the country. Thus this issue merits some attention. The situation of ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom will be the focus of this paper as well as the various movements that serve to initialize the change.   Body               The term “society” is defined as “the whole people who live together on the same land and who collaborate to obtain their basic needs; community” (1992). Society can be regarded as an interaction process between classes, an existence that is self-sufficient and continues itself, a socio-cultural event, a social and a theoretical system. According to(1985) it is a social community that lasts longer than human life, that has relative stability and that continues itself. The individuals that make a society are always in interaction among themselves. These actions, based on the interactions and conceptualised as “social relations”, are formed by social institutions like law, education, morality, politics and religion which determine the mentioned rules of the interaction. As it is seen, social structure occurs when social institutions organise the relations in the social system. Social movements do not continue all throught the years. They start with their creation, after which the movement develops and grows. After that, the movement can go two ways - either they achieve successes or they get failures. Sooner or later, whether it has served its purpose or not, social movements dissolve and disappear all completely. They are more likely to resurface again in the time and place which is friendly to the social movements.             There are building blocks of social movements which are considered named associations and are called social movement organizations, or SMOs. They are the major building blocks of social movements, although SMOs as organizations are not always so fortunate (or unfortunate) to exist in the context of a surging social movement. Many are "loners" or "sports," who therefore do not partake in the benefits and liabilities of a surging movement context. However, because of their collective, continuing, and organized character focused on a moralistic and idealistic excluded reality, they are SMOs nonetheless. Continuing and finishing our list, the SMO is the eighth form of contending/excluded reality (1996). New social movements burst on the scene in the late 1960s and 1970s promoting post-materialist values and developing unconventional, oppositional tactics. Scope for individual expression and empowerment has been embodied in their informal and participatory workings. For some individuals, decentralized participatory organizations provided a microcosm of the political structures they ultimately desired for the broader society. Movement groups cannot easily put aside the ideological baggage with which they began their journey, particularly those groups whose identity is forged upon ecological values and grassroots democratic practices (2003).             Two cases from the United Kingdom do however partially contradict a thesis about the life cycle of social movements. Britain's Friends of the Earth (FoE) traditionally encourages its members to engage in political action, and has maintained a decentralized structure with a high degree of local autonomy. Its mission statement declares a commitment 'to increase public participation and democratic decision-making', a commitment reflected in the organization's consensual and non-hierarchical decision making processes. An early disillusioning experience at the Windscale Inquiry in 1977 was followed by a push within the branch structure to reverse a tendency towards centralization, and until 1981 FoE's commitment to equality was reflected in a 'parity' pay structure amongst all its staff. However, organizational growth and greater access to government since the late 1980s posed a greater challenge. After 1987 there was renewed centralization. By the 1990s FoE had developed a much broader membership base which was less supportive of a protest culture and more disposed towards constructive engagement on environmental issues (1999). As a mass organization FoE had by the mid-1990s lost touch with its membership and now 'is nearer something that can be termed a protest business than a new social movement organization'. FoE have 'moved from being the amateur, evangelical, fundamentalist ecocentric pressure group of the 1970s to a professional pragmatist organization which is run almost like any other modern company'. Thus in the end FoE confirmed Offe's prediction about institutionalization, despite having tried to resist and indeed move in the opposite direction along the way (2003).             Britain's Green Party presents a much clearer refutation of the thesis of the life cycle of social movements. The party attempted to restructure its organization and set strategic goals following its surprising performance in the 1989 European elections where it attracted 15 per cent of the vote. The Greens 2000 professionalization initiative was initially successful, although the reformist drive within the party lost momentum following the departure of  and  in the early 1990s. In recent years activists within the party have reasserted participatory values and maintained internal decentralization, even though the party has now secured parliamentary representation in both the European and Scottish parliaments. To their critics, the triumph of fundamentalism is seen to hold back the party from greater electoral success. However, another way of reading this history is that the first-past-the-post voting system used in most British elections makes it impossible to win a seat anyway, thus denying the party the possibility of inclusion in the state, thus removing the main cause of professionalization (2003).             Outside the Green Party and to a lesser extent FoE, there began in the 1980s a transformation in the character of British environmental organizations and in particular their relationship to their membership. The British branch of Greenpeace is interesting in this respect because although it has resisted moderation, it led the way in professionalization. Until the mid-1980s, Greenpeace UK was 'little more than a small, anarchic group of individuals—with no formal membership structure—specialising in the provision of spectacular, symbolic David and Goliath images to TV and press, and making minimal attempt to engage in routine lobbying, participation in public inquiries, etc'. By the 1990s it was a slick organization capable of deploying technical expertise (for example, in promoting a CFC-free refrigerator) and raising funds—but still organizing radical actions such as the occupation in 1995 (2003).             Beyond time and membership growth, the enhanced opportunities for inclusion presented to movement groups in the traditionally exclusive states of Germany and the United Kingdom in particular in recent years has brought these issues into sharper focus. To engage successfully with the state, groups require very different qualities than the open expression of ideas and diverse, unpredictable forms of action found in new social movements. Groups engaging in consultations and negotiations with state actors need to carry their membership with them toward an agreed outcome, and having them engage in uncontrolled protest is a hindrance here. Because new social movements were averse to formal, hierarchical decision making structures, it was doubted that any leaders could claim the authority to commit their members to the outcome of their negotiations with government. The situation described above mirrors the statement that all social movements face challenges in order to sustain themselves and advance their goals over the course of time. At the beginning, social movements oftentimes fail to capture much of the public's attention and thus do not have supporters for their cause. But even if this is the case at the start, over time the public becomes aware of such social movements. Following the cycle, even the most successful social movements and their organizations has the tendency to lose their popularity and support over time (2001). Social movements need law reform to help achieve their goals of social change, but law reform itself needs a supportive social and political climate if it is to maintain its viability and effectiveness over time. The environmental movement has succeeded in providing this supportive climate. Just as the legal system helps sustain environmentalism during periods of public inattention, the system of environmental law is itself sustained by a broad social consensus in favor of environmental protection and by a latent environmentalism that stands ready to be activated by environmental groups (2001). It was similarly observed that participatory structures worked against the ability to work with governments, because 'movements value openness and immediate participation, which at the same time seriously restrict their effectiveness and efficiency in reaching policy-oriented goals'. We will demonstrate that movement-derived groups have in fact adapted to emerging opportunities for inclusion, and consider the challenges this has presented to both these groups and the broader movement (1999).             Ethnic Minorities Situations in Britain               Almost everyone is aware of the existence of ethnic and regional cleavages based on the national constituent elements of the United Kingdom. Britain today is a multicultural society with sizeable minority groups who have origins in the Indian sub-continent, Africa, and the Caribbean ( 1999). Latest figures show that minorities make up around 7 per cent of the UK population and the majority of them reside in the South East (particularly Greater London) the Midlands and the North West (1999). Scottish and Welsh nationalism have tended to cut broadly across class lines and to be concerned with national rather than class consciousness. A new ethnicity recently entered British politics, as the formation of the anti immigrant National Front indicates. Such groups have declined in size in the past few years, but they are still active in many places. In 1997 an estimated three million people of New Commonwealth and Pakistani origin lived in Great Britain, constituting almost 5 percent of the population. Race and ethnicity are increasingly important issues for voting in Britain. The minority population of Britain is approaching 3 million (out of approximately 59 million). This population is also relatively young, so it will be of increasing importance as a voting group. The evidence is that Labour does very well among minority voters, especially in the industrial cities where they tend to be concentrated. There is a growing number of Labour politicians from ethnic minority groups, with several being elected to Parliament. Once again, the demographic trends appear to favor Labour ( 1998). These ethnic minorities now dominate many older industrial towns, and in some inner-city schools English is taught as a second language. As these groups are also multiplying more rapidly than white Britons, the specter of nonwhite domination and the loss of jobs by whites are powerful weapons for some political groups. Pressure by the minorities for representation has already begun to affect the local and national political systems (1998). The tensions created by the growing ethnic diversity are not as great as in France or Germany, but they are present nonetheless, and racial tensions are becoming of increasing concern to the police and civil libertarians alike. Another ethnic minority worth mentioning in this paper are the Muslims in Britain. Muslims comprise Britain's largest ethnic minority groups. In the most recent figures available their numbers were estimated as 1.5 million. The National Census in 2001 is likely to show an increase in these figures. However, it is significant to note from the figures available that a relatively high proportion of the 1.5 million Muslims comprised children of compulsory school age (approx. 33% as against 16% in the general population) and almost 60% were under 25 years of age, compared with 32% nationally ( 1993). The Muslim population in Britain, therefore, appears to be comprised of a disproportionately large number of young people who fall within the statutory provision of careers companies. If this trend continues there is likely to be an increasing need for careers companies to provide a service which addresses their particular careers guidance needs (2004).             In recent times the impact of British Muslim resistance to publication of 'The Satanic Verses', and the events of September 11th 2001 have resulted in growing 'Islamophobia' and increasing alienation from a shared identity with mainstream society. Moreover, the focus upon this single issue has served to divert attention away from debates within Islam itself concerning the position of women and stereotypical representations within the 'Western world' (2004).             Because of their religious/cultural location within British society, Muslim women may find themselves excluded from 'mainstream' opportunities, due to a lack of understanding about their unique, and sometimes complex situations (). They run the risk of falling into a group that experiences difficulty in making a successful transition from compulsory education into the world of further education, training or employment. Muslim women have to work twice as hard to succeed as they are likely to face hostility at college, discrimination in the labour market, and may experience a cultural-religious struggle within their own communities. Young Muslim women could be viewed as doubly marginalised within education, as they face gender issues (along with women from other ethnic minority groups) which may not be addressed (Benn & Jawad, 2004).   Conclusion               Social movements are the vehicles of social change. Social change is the change in the structure of the society and consequently the change in the social structure. Social change covers social relations and social institutions too, as they create the social structure. The need for social changes could stem from unrest and discontent of people from certain aspects in the society. In the United Kingdom, there is the plight of the ethnic minorities groups. Almost everyone is aware that there are many parts of societies worldwide wherein ethnic minority groups have been discriminated and at a disadvantage. The review of literature has suggested that there is no successful integration of the ethnic minorities into the British society. Perhaps, if social movements continue to pursuer the goal of integration of ethnic minority groups and allowing them to play a part in important institutions in the United Kingdom, then there might be a successful integration of their group into the British society.

Social Movement of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom

Social Movement of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom Introduction Social movements are one of the major vehicles for s...