Research Korner: Final Exam Paper

Examination Case: Ryanair- the low fare airlines

Examination Case: 'Ryanair - the low fares airline', Johnson and Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy. Q.1) Outline contemporary views of the terms "sustainable' as it applies to large companies. On the basis of what is presented in the case, give your views as to whether Ryanair was a 'sustainable' company in early 2004? Q.2) 2002/03 was a difficult year for the world's airlines, but Ryanair "...was seen to be unique among airlines worldwide..." (p836). Describe the main corporate strategies used by Ryanair to achieve this outcome and why they were so successful when compared with other airlines. Q.3) The 'idea' between Ryanair and Charleroi Airport is set out on p.833 of the case. Discuss this idea from the viewpoint of the "Corporate Governance" of (i) Charleroi Airport and (ii) Ryanair. Q.4) In 2003, Ryanair acquired "BUZZ", the loss-making budget subsidiary of KLM (p.840). It then reduced BUZZ's staff from 610 to 170. Discuss what you beleive Ryanair's "Corporate Social Responsibilites" might have been in the circumstances of the case. Q.5) In early 2004, Ryanair's profitability is under threat. If you were designing the first draft of a 'Balance Scorecard" management reporting system for Ryanair (to help it monitor the implementation of its strateges), what main "perspectives" and "metrics" would you suggest? Q.6) What is your assessment of Ryanair's lauch strategy?What is Ryanair's strategic intent? What factors may have played a part in determining this strategic intent? Q.7) What are the most significant issues revealed by an assessment of Ryanair's external environment? Q.8) How would you assess Ryanair's resources and capabilites against its competitors? What is Ryanair's core competence? Q.9) What do you think of Ryanair's strategies? What suggestions would you make to Michael O'Leary to improve Ryanair's chances of future success? Dear Writers, please arrange a very senior and experience writer to answer all these questions for me as I do not want to receive a wrong answer as what i experienced before. Thank you for your kind assistance in this report.

Examination Case: Ryanair- the low fare airlines

Examination Case: 'Ryanair - the low fares airline', Johnson and Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy. Q.1) Outline contemporary ...

Exam question

EXAM QUESTION <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> The survival of a large organization depends upon the access to high-quality information. Discuss this statement, providing relevant examples where necessary.</li> </ul>             Access to high-quality information is vital for large organizations to survive in today’s Information Technology-based market competition. Having access to high-quality information can be used to support the business activities and support decision making of an organization and its business partners. Access and proper management of high-quality information is a key organizational asset for an organization. Examples of high quality information includes: a bank statement; a sales forecast; a telephone directory; or graphs of trends in visitor numbers to a web site, etc. which can help an organization in managerial decision making by reducing uncertainty. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> End user application development poses a new set of management problems in companies that adopt this approach. Identify the nature of these problems and suggest measures to over come them.</li> </ul>             End user application development is a new application development methodology used by companies due to the development time it has, and the increased in productivity in using 4th generation tools. Although, such methodology has some drawback such as: relative inefficiency; slow transaction processing; may degrade performance; and management problems like: Insufficient review/analysis, lack of standards and control, proliferation of private information systems and data or uncontrolled data. In order to eliminate, if not, to mitigate these draw back, it is important for a company to established an Information Center (special facility within organization) to manage and control data access, and to provide training and support for end users computing to have a sufficient review and analysis of the application and ensure it’s efficiency. End user computing is widely used because of the management benefit it provides such as: Improved requirements determination; increased user involvement & satisfaction; and reduced application backlog. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Information gathering is an extremely important part of the system analysis process. Described three of the approaches you can use to gather information.</li> </ul>             Information is the foundation of business strategy. Information gathering is integral for any company. Among the information gathering approaches that are used to make sure the information is comprehensive and sound are: ·         Review and analyze internal client databases ·         Search external information sources, formally and informally ·         Conduct Internet search for information ·         Plan and implement proprietary, custom research o    Focus groups o    Telephone interviews o    One-on-one interviews o    Mail surveys o    Internet surveys o    Email surveys o    Automated telephone response surveys o    Self-administered automated field surveys <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Compare and contrast the relative effectiveness of information flow diagrams, dataflow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams by a business analyst to demonstrate inefficiency in the company’s existing information management processes. Use examples to illustrate your answer. </li> </ul>             Flow chart, or flow diagram, is a graphical representation of a process or system that details the sequencing steps required in order to achieve an output. It is used to virtually document any type of business system and is concerned with one particular process or system. Beginning with the data input into the system and traces all the procedures needed to convert the input into its final form. It is an important tools used for improvement of processes. The graphical representation of a flow chart helps in identifying the different elements of a certain process and understands its interrelationship among other processes. Flow chart may be used to in data gathering, decision making, or performance evaluation. For example: a small advertising agency hopes to reduce the needed time in creating a print ad. Using flow chart to identify and eliminate unnecessary steps.             Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an information system. it is commonly used for visualization of data processing. A context-DFD shows the interaction and relationship between the system and outside entities. Context-DFD can then be exploded to show and model the system in a more detailed approach. DFD diagram describes the data as it moves from one process to the next, including the locations where the data are placed in permanent storage.             Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) describes the attributes of entities and the relationship among them. An entity is a file in a table or database. ERD are created graphically, and software converts this graphical representation into SQL code required to create data structures in the database. An ERD doesn’t focus on single entities or single instances of relationship, but on entity and relationship set. Example: a particular song is an entity. The collection of all the songs in the database is an entity set. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> What is the degree of a relationship? Give an example of each of the relationship agrees that you know of.</li> </ul>             Degree of relationship refers to the number of entity types that participate in a relationship such as: Unary – relationship between two instances of one entity type. Example: one-to-one or one-to-many; Binary – relationship between the instances of two entity types; and Ternary – a simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Discuss why some system developers believe that data model is one of the most important parts of the statement of Information System requirements.</li> </ul>             Data model is an abstract model describing data representation and use. It is used to define the required data for a system, and serves as the basis for database definition and creation. Data model is the logical data structure developed during logical database design which describes the structural properties that defines all the entities represented in a database and the relationship that exist among them such as data handling and management; making data model is an important requirement in information system. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Which different types of validation need to occur on dividing input to system to ensure information quality?</li> </ul>             Validation ensures that the data entered by a user is sensible; the data entered is checked in accordance with set of rules. The computer’s software can validate data while it is being entered by the user; errors will be detected quickly and easily as the process is automated. There are various types of validation such as: Range Check – checks if the entered data lies within the specific range. For example: a percentage grade for an examination should have an input of number between 1 to 100; Presence Check – ensures that that is no blank fields when completing a record; Check Digit – A digit is added to the end of a set of numbers, which is determined by a formula by using all other previous number. For example: if the number entered was incorrect, the digit check will also be incorrect such as ISBN on books, bar codes, and account numbers; Data Type Check – check for the sequence of characters entered by the user. For example: a user account name may contain three letters followed by four numbers. The data type check ensures that the user entered the data type in sequence; and Character Count – ensures that the correct number of characters had been entered. For example: If the user failed to enter the specific number of characters a prompt will ask the user to enter more or fewer characters. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Discuss the difference between a form and a report. What characteristics may perform or report good (bad) and effective (inefficient)?</li> </ul>             A form is the format of the report; it is the soft version of the report and contains all the data that will be visible in the report once it is printed. A report, on the other hand, is the result of a form that contains important information on a printable version. A good report contains all the important information that is interrelated. Reports should have the capability to be filtered according to user needs and preference. Filtering allows a report to be printed according to user preference; saving time and resources.   <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> How would you assess a system’s usability? How would you know when a system was usable?</li> </ul>             System usability should combine fitness of a system for its purpose, ease in usage and learning of users; making the system effective. System usability is the capability of a software product to be understood, learned, used and attractive to the user, when used under specified conditions. A system should be easily understood (understandability) – the capability of a software product to enable the user to understand whether the software is suitable for a particular task and conditions of use; learnability – the capability of a software product to enable the user to learn its application; and operability – the capability of a software product to enable the user to operate and control the software. System usability comprises the extent, to which a software product is used by specified group of users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction within the software’s specified context of used, where: effectiveness is measured by the accuracy and completeness of the software for users to achieved a specified goals; efficiency is measured by the resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness of the software; and satisfaction which is measured by freedom of users from discomfort, and the positive attitudes of users towards product use. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Discuss the various ways that information can be highlighted on the computer display. Which methods are most effective? Some method is better than the others? If so, why and when?</li> </ul>             There are various ways on highlighting information on a computer screen. By using the mouse, a user can highlight a portion of text displayed on a computer screen. This method is effective in copying a portion or part of a text document. Another method of highlighting information, is using the CTRL and A key, this method can highlight the entire page of the display screen. This method is effective in copying a whole document and this method is fast and quick. <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 200%"> Compare and contrast the different changeover methods when implementing a new information system. In your opinion, which is the most appropriate method?</li> </ul>             There are four different changeover methods namely: Phased Operation, Plot Operation, Direct Cutover, and Parallel Operation. Phased Operation allows system implementation in stages or modules; only part of the entire system is implemented at a time. This method is one of the least risky because implementation only takes effect in part, incase an error goes wrong with the new system, only that particular affected part is at risk; risk are limited. Cost is relatively moderate at this approach, because the new system is implemented in stages rather than all at once.             Pilot Operation is a combination of the Parallel Operation and Direct Cutover Method. In this method, both the new and the existing system operate and simultaneously operating, but only on selected and specific location, called pilot site. Risk and cost, associated in this method are relatively less, because only one location runs both the system and the new system is only installed and implemented at pilot sites; reducing the risk of failure.             Direct Cutover method is the quickest way to implement a new system; in this method the changeover from the old system to the new system occurs immediately; making the new system operational as fast as possible. This method is easy to manage, and may be easy to return to the old system if there are problems encountered using the new system. Cost, using this method is relatively low because only one system is being implemented, although risk is relatively high due to the lack of backup while implementing this method.             Parallel Operation in this method both the new system and the old system will operate at the same time, for a specified period of time, in order to check the new system for complexities. Data is input in both system and the results are verified. This method is impractical if the systems are dissimilar or does not support each other. The cost using this method is relatively high, because both systems are operating requiring more man power in terms of management. But this, method has relatively low risk, because results can be verified and an option backup exist for each task.             The best method to be use in system changeover would be Pilot Operation method due to the balanced low cost and risk associated in using this method.

Exam question

EXAM QUESTION The survival of a large organization depends upon the access to high-quality information. Discuss this statement, ...

Multiple choice for Management Information Systems

(CHAPTER 1-4) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS       INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:   Please carefully read the following questions and circle/tick your correct answer in the answer sheet provided in this Study Guide.  Give yourself time for rechecking after completion of test.     1. Information is:   a.        the accumulation of raw data. b.        the way we analyze problems. c.        the best form of knowledge. d.       Data shaped into meaningful form. e.        Output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization, which allows them to correct future input.         2. _______________________ systems depend on fixed definitions of data and procedures form collecting, storing disseminating, and using the data.   a.       Informal b.      Modern c.       Traditional d.      Formal e.       Bureaucratic            3. Promoting the organization’s products and services is a business function of   a.       manufacturing and production b.      finance c.       human resources d.      sales and marketing e.       accounting             4. Information systems are _______________________ systems.   a.       behavioral b.      sociotechnical c.       technical d.      optimizing e.       efficient         5. E-commerce and the use of Internet technology are driving the move toward:   a.       new tax laws. b.      fiber-optic networks worldwide. c.       multinational organizations. d.      satellite communications systems. e.       digital firms.         6. The power of computer hardware and software has grown much more rapidly than:   a.       the ability of organizations to purchase the technology b.      the ability of organizations to apply and use the technology c.       worldwide internet usage d.      governments can control e.       telecommunications technologies         7. Information systems are an outcome of culture, politics, work flows, standard operating procedures and.   a.       computer professionals. b.      organizational structure c.       economic need. d.      the internet e.       telecommunications requirements         8. Integrating systems for different organizational levels and functions to freely exchange information:   a.       is not a requirement of the digital firm. b.      will require the use of the mainframe system. c.       can be technologically difficult and costly. d.      has always been part of bureaucratic policy. e.       does not require the managers be retrained.                 9. Market research and pricing are functions of   a.       finance/accounting systems. b.      human resources systems c.       manufacturing/production systems d.      sales marketing systems e.       decision support systems         10. The interaction between information technology and organizations is very complex and is influenced by a great many mediating factors, including the organization structure, standard operating procedures, politics, culture, management decisions and:   a.       the surrounding environment. b.      the economic basis of the company c.       the availability of trained employers d.      the cash flow within the company e.       the microeconomic definition of the specific organization         11. One reason Detroit automakers have between slow to adopt Japanese mass-production method is that:   <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> they cannot change the design of their manufacturing plants.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> they have difficulty in changing standard operating procedures.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> U.S workers are much more highly paid</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> U.S workers do not adapt well to the Japanese procedures.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph"> such changes have not been necessary.</li>         12. One way in which the organization affects information technology is through the decisions that it makes about:   a.       how often equipment will be replaced. b.      whether computer expenditures are considered to be capital expenditures, or not. c.       who will design, build, and maintain the organization’s IT infrastructure. d.      how much influence company culture will have on technological decisions. e.       the formal organizational unit or function responsible for technology services.         13. In the early years, the information systems group was composed mostly of:   a.       systems analysts. b.      mid-level managers. c.       end users. d.      clerical workers. e.       programmers.             14. According to the Mintzberg model of management, decisional roles are:   a.       where managers initiate activities, handle disturbances, allocate resources, and negotiate conflict. b.      where managers act as figureheads and leaders for the organization.  c.       where managers act as a liaison, disseminating and allocating resources. d.      the expectations of the activities that managers should perform in an organization. e.       where managers act as the nerve centers of their organizations, receiving and disseminating critical facts.         15. The ______________________ model is the model used to describe the interaction of external influences, specifically threats and opportunities, that affect an organization’s strategy and ability to compete.   a.       network economics b.      competitive forces c.       strategic transitions d.      environmental conditions e.       interactive economics         16.     Digital firms require:   a.       massive computer capacities. b.      deep pockets. c.       new organizational designs and management processes. d.      exceptionally flexible transaction processing systems. e.       networks that bypass traditional distribution channels.         17. New levels of richness and reach are enabled on the Internet by  _____________   a.       the explosion of connectivity. b.      easier coordination of function. c.       the dissemination of standards. d.      a and c e.       b and c         18. Yahoo! is an example of:   a.       a search engine. b.      a portal. c.       a Web browser. d.      a syndicator. e.       a directory.                   19. Members of the organization use intranets to create:   a.       a collaborative environment. b.      new services for customers. c.       a supply chain. d.      an organization requiring fewer middle managers. e.       better operations control.         20. Companies pursuing electronic commerce must be especially vigilant about:   a.       maintaining updated transaction files. b.      establishing a well-designed Web site. c.       maintaining a shopping cart and online credit transactions. d.      establishing trust, security, and consumer privacy. e.       constantly updating their business plan.         21. An example of Web-based supply chain management is:   a.       the use of intranet collaboration tools for contact management, discussion forums, document management, and calendars. b.      the ability to monitor un-invoiced income or outstanding debt each day. c.       the provision of data on quality measurements, such as defects and rejects, as well as maintenance and training schedules. d.      allowing employees to manage their own health and pension benefits accounts. e.       using a Web-based forecast to maximize the profitability of shelf space for the company’s products.   22 Internet-based systems are more vulnerable to penetration by outsiders than private networks because:   a.   so many people see each message. b.   most Internet companies do not have adequate firewalls. c.   the Internet was designed as an open environment. d.   a computer in the home environment is insecure. e.   it is international.     23 Manufacturing and production data from disparate systems can coordinate manufacturing and production processes using the common platform created by:   a.   Internet technology. b.   supply chain logistics. c.   extranets. d.   intranets. e.   telecommunications systems.       24 The _________________________ environment for electronic commerce has not been fully established.   a.   linguistic b.   coding c.   satellite d.   legal and regulatory e.   administrative and merchandising               25 Many virtual storefront organizations do not provide finances in the business plan to provide for:   a.   new telecommunications lines. b.   additional shipping expenses and skilled Web staff. c.   the necessary software. d.   the unexpected increase in orders. e.   the consulting expenses connected with an ISP.             (CHAPTER 5-8) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS   INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:   Please carefully read the following questions and circle/tick your correct answer in the answer sheet provided in this Study Guide.  Give yourself time for rechecking after completion of test.     1. Information technology and information systems raise new ethical questions for both individuals and societies because:   a.   they are global in their effects. b.   they are difficult for governments to regulate. c.   so few people understand them. d.   they create opportunities for intense social change. e.   they change so quickly.     2. Many Web sites allow the Internet advertising broker DoubleClick to:   a.   gather cookies from their site in return for advertisements on other sites based on the visitor profile created. b.   access their sales figures. c.   mine large pools of data they have collected in their business endeavors. d.   place advertisements for other organizations on their Web site. e.   track the activities of their visitors in exchange for revenue from advertisements based on visitor information.     3. The Federal Trade Commission Fair Information Practice principle of Access/Participation states that:   a.   customers must be allowed to choose how their information will be used for secondary purposes other than the supporting transaction, including internal use and transfer to third parties. b.   data collectors must take responsible steps to assure that consumer information is accurate and secure from unauthorized use. c.   there is a mechanism in place to enforce FIP principles. d.   Web sites must disclose their information practices before collecting data. e.   consumers should be able to review and contest the accuracy and completeness of data collected about them in a timely, inexpensive process.     4. Cookies are stored:   a.   on the user’s hard drive. b.   on the Web site. c.   in a temporary file in the memory of the user’s computer. d.   at the ISP. e.   on the browser.     5. The limitation of trade secret protection is that although virtually all software programs of any complexity contain unique elements of some sort, it is difficult to prevent the ideas in the work from falling into the public domain:   a.   when the courts become involved. b.   when hackers are able to break into the source code. c.   when the software is widely distributed. d.   when a new version of the software is released. e.   because there are no sanctions on copying software.     6. In general, it is very difficult to hold software producers liable for their software products when those products are considered to be:   a.   digital shareware. b.   common carriers. c.   services. d.   non-essential systems. e.   like books.     7. Information, knowledge, computers, and access to these resources through educational institutions in public libraries are inequitably distributed:   a.   because of industrial competition. b.   along ethnic and social class lines. c.   only in the United States. d.   in every country but the United States. e.   because it is difficult to learn to use software.     8. A microsecond is:   a.   1/1,000 second. b.   1/1,000,000 second. c.   1/10,000,000 second. d.   1/1,000,000,000 second. e.   1/1,000,000,000,000 second.     9. Batch processing is a method of collecting and processing data in which transactions:   a.   are accomplished by one large central computer. b.   are accumulated and stored until a specified time when it is convenient or necessary to process them as a group. c.   are entered directly into the computer system and processed immediately. d.   are processed among multiple computers linked by communications network. e.   are technologies for transferring audio and video data to be processed as a steady and continuous stream as they are downloaded from the Web.     10. The interface component in client/server computing is:   a.   the way in which the various applications connect with each other. b.   a feature of thin client computing. c.   necessary only if a mainframe is involved. d.   how the application appears visually to the user. e.   shaped by the organization’s business rules.     11. Virtual storage:   a.   allows many programs to share a computer system’s resources at any one time through concurrent use of the CPU. b.   links together two or more CPUs to work in parallel in a single computer system. c.   handles programs more efficiently by breaking down the programs into tiny sections that are ready to use memory only when needed. d.   limits the size of the program in memory to 640 kB. e.   is an arrangement permitting many users to be connected to a CPU          simultaneously     12. FORTRAN:   a.   is a programming language developed for scientific and mathematical applications. b.   combines machine portability with tight control and efficient use of computer resources. c.   can process large data files with alphanumeric characters. d.   is a programming language consisting of the ones and zeros of binary code. e.   is object-oriented.     13. Software that functions as a translation layer between two disparate applications so they can work together is called:   a.   integration software.  b.   groupware. c.   extensible software. d.   middleware. e.   translation software.     14. A student, an order, and a book are all examples of a(n):   a.   attribute. b.   key field. c.   field. d.   entity. e.   file.     15. The older logical database model that is useful for depicting many-to-many relationships is the:   a.   hierarchical DBMS. b.   SQL DBMS. c.   relational DBMS. d.   network DBMS. e.   object-oriented DBMS.     16. Oracle Lite is a(n):   a.   DBMS for small handheld computing devices. b.   Internet DBMS. c.   mainframe relational DBMS. d.   DBMS for midrange computers. e.   PC relational DBMS.     17. The conceptual design of the database shows the database from a(n):   a.   business perspective. b.   direct access perspective. c.   program perspective. d.   object-oriented perspective e.   management perspective.     18. One advantage to a hypermedia database is that:   a.   it is always stored on the Internet. b.   the nodes can be accessed in any order. c.   it is written in HTML. d.   it is much more easily understood by outside users. e.   it contains only one type of data.     19. Using object-oriented extensions to existing relational DBMS is one way to create a(n):   a.   system of easily accessible reports. b.   Internet warehouse. c.   data mart. d.   hybrid DBMS. e.   structured query language.     20. Balancing the need to control mushrooming network costs and _______________ is a central management concern.   a.   technology requirements b.   ensure network reliability and availability c.   developmental planning d.   user requirements e.   Internet capabilities     21 Analog signals are used to handle voice communications and:   a.   channels. b.   graphics data. c.   large volumes of data quickly. d.   reflect variations in pitch. e.   light pulses.     22. A smart phone is:   a.   a   small,  pen-based,  handheld  computer  with  built-in  wireless telecommunications b.   a technology that enables two-way transmission of data files cheaply and efficiently. c.   a wireless phone with voice, text, and Internet capabilities. d.   a technology that uses lower power, higher frequency radio waves than cellular technology and so can be used with smaller sized telephones. e.   a device that transmits voice or data, using radio waves to communicate with radio antennas placed within adjacent geographic areas called cells.     23. A front-end processor is a:   a.   specialized computer that supervises communications traffic between the CPU and the peripheral devices in the telecommunications system. b.   device that carries the telecommunication message in analog form for packet distribution. c.   device that enables a single communications channel to carry data transmissions from multiple sources simultaneously. d.   special purpose computer dedicated to managing communications for the host computer in the network. e.   telecommunications computer that collects and temporarily stores messages from terminals for batch transmission to the host computer.     24. A LAN:   a.   is a central switching system that handles a firm’s voice and digital communications. b.   links all computers in a closed loop in a manner that passes data in one direction from one computer to another. c.   links all computers and other devices to a central host computer, through which all communications must pass. d.   connects computers and peripheral devices located close to each other, often in the same building. e.   links a number of computers by a single circuit with all messages broadcast to the entire network.     25. Instruction delivered through purely digital technology is called:   a.   e-learning. b.   asynchronous learning. c.   distance learning. d.   synchronous learning. e.   electronic data interchange.                              (CHAPTER 9-12)     INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:   Please carefully read the following questions and circle/tick your correct answer in the answer sheet provided in this Study Guide.  Give yourself time for rechecking after completion of test.   1 1.                 The new IT infrastructure provides a broad platform for electronic commerce, electronic business, and the emerging digital firm by:   a.       using the Web as a base. b.      allowing open systems. c.       providing ISPs. d.      enabling companies to radically reduce their agency and transaction costs. e.       developing virtual private networks.                    2.     Open systems promote connectivity because:   a.       they enable disparate systems and services to work together. b.      they transfer all packets indiscriminately, without the need for direction. c.       they do not require security. d.      they are easy to connect to each other. e.       they encrypt all files passing through the network.     3.     The Internet is perhaps the most well-known, and the largest, implementation of:   a.       EDI. b.      anarchy within communications. c.       OSI. d.      cooperation between large business organizations. e.       internetworking.     4.   Personalized m-commerce services:   a.       provide instant messaging, e-mail, searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone or handheld PDA. b.      search for the best price of an item using a cell phone and allow the user to buy it in a physical store or on the Web. c.       provide graphics and information on consumer items. d.      anticipate what you want based on your location or data profile. e.       charge an individual fee per transaction.     5. .4.   Intranets use ___________________ to program Web pages and to establish dynamic, point-and-click hypertext links to other pages.   a.       a wireless web b.      WAP c.       HTML d.      multicasting e.       URLs     6.   An ISP is:   a.       the address of a specific resource on the Internet. b.      an organization that sells temporary Internet connections to subscribers. c.       a markup language for wireless Web sites, optimized for tiny displays. d.      the conversion of domain names to their IP addresses. e.       a system of protocols and technologies that lets cell phones and other wireless devices with tiny displays, low-bandwidth connections, and minimal memory access Web-based information and services     7.     A DNS enables/is   a.       the address of a specific resource on the Internet b.      an organization that sells temporary Internet connections to subscribers. c.       a markup language for wireless web sites, optimized for tiny displays. d.      the conversion of domain names to their IP addresses. e.       a system of protocols and technologies that lets cell phones and other wireless devices with tiny displays, lobe-bandwidth connections, and minimal memory access Web-based information and services     8.   Many AI applications improve performance through trial and error and:   a.       can learn to think like a human being. b.      are not effective. c.       are too complicated to keep up. d.      these applications are called expert systems. e.       may not be reliable enough for mission-critical problems. 9.             Group collaboration systems:   a.       share knowledge. b.      capture and codify knowledge. c.       schedule knowledge. d.      distribute knowledge. e.       create knowledge.     10. 1.        Those who primarily process create knowledge and information are called:   a.       group collaborators. b.      knowledge workers. c.       information workers. d.      librarians. e.data workers.     11. f.         CAD/CAM workstations:   a.       provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. b.      provide an important source of expertise for organizations. c.       allow groups to work together on documents. d.      are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantly. e.       provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise simulations of objects. g.          12. h.        LotusNotes and OpenText Livelink are examples of:   a.            customized software. b.           VRML. c.            investment software. d.           Web tools.  e.            proprietary groupware. i.            13. j.          The terms used in fuzzy logic are called:   a.          membership functions. b.          non-precise definitions. c.          oorts. d.         ranges. e.       eliminatory phrases. f.               14. g.            Even if a problem can be addressed by an information system, senior management:   a.          may not be able to use one. b.          may not have a complete data warehouse. c.          may not be able to read the reports generated. d.         may not fully understand its actual information needs. e.          may decide that graphics are better. h.              15. i.              Model-driven DSS were often developed by:   a.          senior managers in IS. b.          cross-divisional central management teams. c.          accident. d.         contracted consultants from outside the organization itself. e.    groups not under central information system control. a.              16. b.            Tools for voting or setting priorities in a GDSS:   a.            facilitate the organized integration and synthesis of ideas generated during brainstorming.  b.           document group agreement on definitions of words and terms central to the projects. c.            use structured approaches to evaluate the impact of an emerging proposal on the organization. d.           aid the organizers in premeeting planning by identifying issues of concern. e.            Make available a range of methods for setting priorities or voting. c.              17. d.           Group interaction includes:   a.            session planning, organizational memory, personal productivity, and enterprise analysis. b.           idea generation, complex problems, and large groups. c.            idea generation, idea organization, prioritizing, and policy development. d.           session planning, prioritizing, policy development, and organizational memory. e.            idea generation, personal productivity, enterprise analysis, and policy development. e.              18. f.             One problem with understanding the value of GDSS is their:   a.                    availability and cost. b.                    complexity. c.                    need for organizational memory. d.                   need for a facilitator.   e.           method of generating ideas. g.              19. h.            The components of the DSS are the:   a.                    internal database, external database, and analysis tools. b.                    data visualization tools, software, and graphics capabilities. c.                    database, graphics capabilities, and analysis tools. d.                   analysis tools, software, and database.                 e.         database, software system, and user interface. i.                20.   When systems are used to strengthen the wrong business model or business processes,:   a.                    the resulting information system is very difficult to analyze. b.                    the resulting system has no impact on the firm’s performance. c.                    the business becomes more efficient doing what it shouldn’t do. d.                   organizational change does not occur. e.             The cost increases geometrically. j.                21. k.              Two principal methodologies for establishing the essential information requirements of the organization as a whole are:   a.                    personal interviews and critical success factors. b.                    enterprise analysis and systems analysis. c.                    object-oriented design and systems analysis. d.                   personal interviews and a review of historical data. e.                    enterprise analysis and critical success factors.   22. l.              The most common form of IT-enabled organizational change is:   a.                    rationalization of procedures. b.                    paradigm shifts. c.                    accessibility and empowerment. d.                   automation. e.                    business process reengineering. m.            23. n.            When the nature of the organization itself is radically reconceptualized, the result is:   a.                    rationalization of procedures. b.                    paradigm shifts. c.                    accessibility and empowerment. d.                   automation.   e.          business process reengineering. o.              24. p.            In terms of percentages, the maintenance phase devotes approximately _____ percent to changes in data, files, reports, hardware, or system software; a.              20 b.             25 c.              40 d.             35 e.              60 q.              25. r.             WSDL:   a.                    is a common framework for describing the tasks performed by a Web service so that it can be used by other applications. b.                    is a visually-oriented programming language. c.                    allows a Web service to be listed in the directory of Web services so that it can be easily located. d.                   is object-oriented and has open architecture. e.                    is a set of rules that allows applications to pass data and instructions to one another.                  (CHAPTER 13-15)   INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:   Please carefully read the following questions and circle/tick your correct answer in the answer sheet provided in this Study Guide.  Give yourself time for rechecking after completion of test.   1.        The worth of systems from a financial perspective essentially revolves around the question of:   a.   systems ownership. b.   information requirements. c.   multiyear financial models. d.   change management. e.   return on invested capital.   2.        Transaction and clerical systems that displace labor and save space always produce more measurable, tangible benefits than management information systems, decision-support systems, or computer-supported collaborative work systems,:   a.   which allow a broader context of business analysis. b.   which give financial models an application bias. c.   which require a lower rate of technological change. d.   which mean that intangibles can be given monetary value. e.   which have expected lives of many years.   3.        The payback period in years is found by the formula:   a.   (Total benefits – Total cost – Depreciation)/Useful life b.   Present value of cash inflows/Investment c.   Payment * (1 –(1 + interest)-n)/Interest d.   Net benefit/Total initial investment e.   Original investment/Annual net cash inflow   4.        The present value is found by the formula:   a.   (Total benefits – Total cost – Depreciation)/Useful life b.   Present value of cash inflows/Investment c.   Payment * (1 –(1 + interest)-n)/Interest d.   Net benefit/Total initial investment e.   Original investment/Annual net cash inflow = Number of years for repayment   5.        A weakness of the net present value is that:   a.   it provides no measure of profitability. b.   it cannot be used to rank several projects for comparison. c.   it ignores the disposal value of the computer systems. d.   it cannot calculate a profitability index. e.   it can ignore the time value of money.   6.        The portfolio analysis:   a.   uses capital budgeting analysis principles. b.   determines the overall direction of systems development. c.   is the agreement on the criteria used to make a choice amongst several different projects. d.   can be described as having a certain profile of risk and benefit to the firm. e.   is not used by firms in non-information-intensive industries.   7.        If the budget is strained from the very beginning, toward the end of the project there will likely be insufficient funds for:   a.   training and documentation. b.   timely completion and procedural planning. c.   the necessary hardware and software. d.   unplanned-for structural changes. e.   new employees to manage the new technologies.   8.        Most applications are designed, planned, and created by persons:   a.   who do not understand the company substructure. b.   with no prior experience in the application area. c.   who are not stakeholders. d.   who are employed for the development of only that system. e.   who are managers, not end users.   9.        Traditionally, the area of _____________________ has been neglected in systems design and analysis activities.   a.   end-user training b.   organizational impact analysis c.   change management d.   power relationships within the organization e.   procedural documentation   10.    Automated data are more susceptible to destruction, fraud, error, and misuse because information systems concentrate data in computer files that:   a.   are usually bound up in legacy systems that are difficult to access and difficult to correct in case of error. b.   are not secure because the technology to secure them did not exist at the time the files were created. c.   have the potential to be accessed by large numbers of people and by groups outside of the organization. d.   are frequently available on the Internet. e.   are written in obsolete programming languages.   11.    Code Red and Nimda are:   a.   viruses written in script programming languages that use Microsoft Outlook to spread to other systems. b.   “worm” type viruses that arrive attached to e-mail and spread from computer to computer. c.   “multipartite” viruses that can infect files as well as the boot sector of the hard drive. d.   viruses that make a clicking sound with each keystroke on the 18th day of the month. e.   macro viruses existing inside executable programs called macros.   12.    The most expensive phase of the system development process is:   a.   end-user training. b.   implementation. c.   testing. d.   maintenance. e.   systems design.   13.    General controls:   a.   are unique to each computer program. b.   ensure that data files on either disk or tape are not subject to unauthorized access, change, or destruction. c.   establish a framework for controlling the design, security, and use of computer programs throughout the organization. d.   audit the systems development process. e.   are formalized standards, rules, procedures, and disciplines that ensure that the organization’s controls are properly executed and enforced.   14.    Hardware controls:   a.   oversee the work of the computer department to ensure that programmed procedures are consistently and correctly applied to the storage and processing of data. b.   ensure that computer hardware is physically secure and check for equipment malfunction. c.   audit the systems development process at various points to ensure that the processes are properly controlled and managed. d.   monitor the use of system software and prevent unauthorized access to software programs, systems software and computer programs. e.   ensure that valuable business data files on either disk or tape are not subject to unauthorized access, change, or destruction while they are in use or in storage.   15.    Software controls:   a.   oversee the work of the computer department to ensure that programmed procedures are consistently and correctly applied to the storage and processing of data. b.   ensure that computer hardware is physically secure and check for equipment malfunction. c.   audit the systems development process at various points to ensure that the processes are properly controlled and managed. d.   monitor the use of system software and prevent unauthorized access to software programs, systems software and computer programs. e.   ensure that valuable business data files on either disk or tape are not subject to unauthorized access, change, or destruction while they are in use or in storage.     16.    In a risk assessment, multiplying the average loss for each exposure by its probability of occurrence gives the:   a.   loss range. b.   annual loss. c.   prediction of vulnerability. d.   threat ranking. e.   exposure capability.   17.    A selection construct is:   a.   the single step or action in the logic of a program that does not depend on the existence of any condition. b.   a logical unit of a program that performs one or several functions. c.   the logic pattern in programming where a stated condition determines which of two alternative actions can be taken. d.   the basic control structure that has only one entry point and one exit point. e.   the logic pattern in programming where certain actions are repeated until a specified condition occurs or until certain conditions are met.   18.    The sequence construct is:   a.   the single step or action in the logic of a program that does not depend on the existence of any condition. b.   a logical unit of a program that performs one or several functions. c.   the logic pattern in programming where a stated condition determines which of two alternative actions can be taken. d.   the basic control structure that has only one entry point and one exit point. e.   the logic pattern in programming where certain actions are repeated until a specified condition occurs or until certain conditions are met.   19.    In moving to a global business, the challenge for management is to:   a.   standardize global systems, and consolidate reporting. b.   create SAP enterprise software and a frame relay network. c.   facilitate global operations, and reduce costs. d.   set standards, and develop global business processes. e.   maintain global headquarters, business processes, and subsidiaries.   20.    Two powerful worldwide changes driven by advances in information technology that have transformed the business environment and post new challenges for management are:   a.   the creation of the NASA satellite system. b.   the transformation of industrial economies to knowledge-and information-based economies. c.   the emergence of the global economy and a global world order. d.   b and c only e.   a, b and c   21.    In terms of global business strategy and structure, a transnational company will use a policy of:   a.   mixed sales and marketing, with centralized production, accounting, human resources, and strategic management. b.   coordinated production, accounting, marketing, human resources, and strategic management. c.   coordinated production, accounting, human resources, with centralized strategic management, and marketing. d.   dispersed production and marketing, with centralized accounting, human resources and strategic management. e.   coordinated production, marketing, human resources, and strategic management, with dispersed production.   22.    Decentralized systems are those in which:   a.   development occurs at the home base and operations are handed over to autonomous units in foreign locations. b.   each foreign unit designs its own unique solutions and systems. c.   systems development and operations occur in an integrated and coordinated fashion across all units. d.   foreign units design the solutions and systems that are used at the domestic home base. e.   systems development and operations occur totally at the domestic home base.   23.    Two of the management challenges in developing global systems are listed in your text as:   a.   managing the privacy concerns of different countries and coordinating applications development. b.   creating a financial structure that will operate internationally and managing the privacy concerns of different countries. c.   subordination of software releases and managing the privacy concerns of different countries. d.   the coordination of software releases and the introduction of changes in business processes. e.   encouraging local users to support global systems and creating a financial structure that will operate internationally   24.    For most people in developing countries, Internet access is:   a.   easier than telephone access. b.   inexpensive. c.   very expensive. d.   essential. e.   through cable TV connections.   25.    VPNs:   a.   may not be able to support large numbers of remote users. b.   use private, leased telephone lines or frame-relay connections. c.   do not always have sufficient security for international services. d.   replace WANs for most international or global companies. e.   are not legal in many countries.

Multiple choice for Management Information Systems

(CHAPTER 1-4) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES: Please carefully read the following ques...