Research Korner: Objectives of the Study Examples

Research Proposal for Masters Studies on Motivation and Its Impact on Job Performance

Title             The title for the proposed study is Motivation and Its Impact on Job Performance.   Background of the Study/Literature Review Motivation at work has been an accepted area of literature for a long time, particularly from the 1930s and on wards (Lee-Ross 2002). Motivation is defined as the process of gratifying the internal needs of individuals via actions and behaviours. It focuses on the complexity of mental and physical drives, joint with the environment which makes the people perform the way they do. Robert Dubin described motivation as the force which moves the person to action, and enables him to continue in the course of action that has already been initiated (cited in Kumar & Sharma 2001). Therefore, without motivation, employee or worker will not contribute to the success of performance of the organization (Agrawal 1995). Employee needs the skills, knowledge and capabilities in order to acquire the results according to the requirements of the organization. However, it is also vital for them to have the will to achieve the said results. The degree of motivation of the employees is connected to their level of commitment towards their work and determination to work based on high standards (Pergamon Flexible Learning 2005).   Aims and Objectives             The main aim of the study is to investigate how motivation can influence job performance of employees. In line with this, the following are the specific objectives of the study: ·         to assess the importance of motivation in an organization; ·         to evaluate the different factors which motivates employees; ·         to analyse how motivation can enhance job performance; and ·         to recommend actions and strategies to be implemented in order to sustain motivation inside the working environment.   Methodology Descriptive method will be used in the study. According to Creswell (1994) it can help in order to show the different facts that are connected with the nature of the status of the current problem or condition as it happens at the time of the study. This is the reason why, it is considered as one of the most applied methodology in most studies. Furthermore, it will also be helpful in order to offer logical use in the studies which focus on dissemination of information, at the same time, it can help in order to investigate based on normative standards. It will be helpful in order to focus on the practices which exist, beliefs and processes that are currently going on and the effects that are being felt and experienced, together with the trends that re currently developing (Best, 1907). The target population will be 200 employees from different sectors and industries. They will be chosen via random selection process. The researcher will first ask for the consent of the companies then the consent of the individual respondents. They will be informed about the nature of the study, and its significance. Survey questionnaire will be used in order to gather primary data from the respondents. Likert scales will be used, where in the respondents will be asked to rate the level of their agreements towards the statements given. This will also be advantageous because it will make filling up questionnaire a lot easier and faster. The equivalent weights of the answers are:    Range                                Interpretation 4.50 – 5.00                             Strongly Agree 3.50 – 4. 49                Agree 2.50 – 3.49                             Uncertain 1.50 – 2.49                             Disagree 0.00 – 1.49                             Strongly Disagree     All of the data will be evaluated with the use of SPSS software. Thus, in order to come up with the results and findings of the study, frequency, percentage and weighted mean will be calculated. The following are the formulas to be used: 1.      Percentage – will be calculated in order to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire (Research Methods Knowledge Base, n.d.).   2.      Weighted Mean   References Agrawal, P K 1995, Motivation and Indian Bureaucracy, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. Best, J. W. (1970). Research in Education, 2nd Ed. Englewood Cliffs. N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc. Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. DuBin, A 2008, Essentials of Management, Cengage Learning. Kumar, A & Sharma, R 2001, Personnel Management Theory and Practice, Atlantic Publishers & Distri. Lee-Ross, D 2002, ‘An Exploratory Study of Work Motivation Among Private and Public Sector Hospital Chefs in Australia’, Journal of Management Development, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 576 – 588.

Research Proposal for Masters Studies on Motivation and Its Impact on Job Performance

Title The title for the proposed study is Motivation and Its Impact on Job Performance. Background of the Study/Lite...

Research Proposal :Analysis of the Most Severe Economic Crisis since 1970

// <![CDATA[ google_ad_client = "pub-0512912564335968"; /* 300x250, created 5/1/08 */ google_ad_slot = "6611326668"; google_ad_width = 300; google_ad_height = 250; // ]]> Research Proposal Analysis of the Most Severe Economic Crises since 1970   Introduction Since 1970, the economic and economic crisis faced in the global market, has faced major economic cries which brought different challenges for the economy and the economic stability of the industries and also the entire nation. It can be said that with the challenges brought by these crisis, the management of banking and economic sector are trying to transform their business approaches.  Primarily, the goal of this propose research is to analyze the most severe economic crises since 1970, specifically this paper will attempt to analyze the root of the economic crises faced in the global market today.   Background of the study The true origin of the economic crisis faced, specifically the credit crunch was due to the credit bubble as well as the under-pricing of risk at period when rapid economic transformation outpaced regulatory controls and made risk assessment more difficult. To be able to understand the beginning of the credit crunch, its background can be attributed to the recovery from the year 2001 economic slump when the international income growth has soared. In many nations, the credit crunches translated into harshly higher real estate prices as well as the abnormally sharp returns in equity markets. Being driven by the low interest rates and the liquidity, the US housing has boomed and lasted for more than a decade during the period in which mortgage companies have extended loans to borrowers that have bad or poor credit records. With this, the brokers who has been provided with bigger commissions has become attractive to different borrowers for availing housing loans that have a minimal down payment with credit checks and tax documentation.             It can be said that the loans are being regarded to as the  sub-prime mortgages, typically charge 2% to 3% points more than those people with less-risky and bad credit profiles, and carry customizable and amendable interest rates that can cause payments to jump in the forthcoming years. Even if such process was considered as efficient, homeowners have observed s that housing prices escalates, that leads them to take out home equity loans that also helps fuel consumer spending. It can be said that sub-prime mortgage simply referred to the provision of loans to borrowers with marginal or weak or bad credit background to avail housing loans. The emergence of the context of sub-prime economic crisis has brought to the credit bubbles and credit crunches that leads to the economic turmoil which have different effects on different institutions in the global market and the mostly affected sectors are the banking and economic institutions. The sub-prime crisis, leading to credit crunches has affected different banking and economic establishments, real estate investment trusts, mortgage lenders, as well as hedge funds. It can be said that this has made different institutions to suffer significant losses as the result of mortgage payment defaults also known as the mortgage asset devaluation.             In the latter part of the first quarter of the year 2008, particularly April 25, 2008, banking and economic institutions has noted sub-prime related losses and write-downs exceeding U.S. $250 billion. With this aspect, the profits at the American banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has lessen from $35.2 billion to $5.8 billion which comprises 83.5% of the total loss  during the last quarter of the year 2007 versus the recent year because of the increasing loan defaults as well as the provisions for loan losses.  It can be noted that such phenomenon has been the worst bank and thrift performance in the history.             In the year 2007, affected banks have only earned earned $105.5 billion, which is lesser than 27.4% from their profit record of $145.2 billion in the year 2006. Banking institutions in the global market has also experienced such problem like the IKB Deutsche Industriebank which have also experienced relative losses and mortgage scores of lenders have decided to file bankruptcy. On the other hand, the effect of these economic crises has also lead to the resignation of different leaders like the Chief Executive Officers of Merrill Lynch and Citigroup Various industries have attended to consider merger-deal to survive the economic crisis. Moreover, Bear Stearns and Northern Rock have also acquired emergency assistance from higher banks like the Bank of England. Such economic issue has also been felt in the Indian banking and economic institutions which have ventured into USA.             Credit crunches has become an ongoing economic issue that shows itself through the liquidity problems in the banking system which owes to foreclosures.  Such economic issue began with the bursting of the United States housing bubble or the so-called credit bubble (Moyer, 2008; Lahart, 2008 and the intensive default rates in terms of the sub-prime and other adjustable rate mortgages which established higher-risk borrowers with lower revenue and lesser credit history than other prime borrowers.  It has been noted that the causes of the credit crunches can be attributed as varied and complex.  With this economic turmoil due to the credit crunches, the economic losses damaged balance sheets of various economic establishments, as assets were marked down but liabilities remain unchanged.   Aside from this, the credit crunch also reduced and lessens the willingness to lend between industries.     Research Objectives             The main goal of this proposed research is to study the most severe economic crises since 1970, specifically this aims on achieving the following objectives 1.    Identify the most severe economic crises in the global environment 2.    Investigate the roots and causes of these economic crises 3.    Analyze whether these economic crises have significant relationship in terms of the causes and the countries affected. 4.    Examine how companies and countries are able to cope with these economic crises.             Research Questionnaire To address the problem of the study, the following general research questions will be explored: 1.         What are the most severe economic crises since 1970? 2.         Does these economic crises have significant relationship with each other based on the following:             The cause of the economic crises       Countries affected 3.         How do companies and countries adjust to these economic crises?   Significance of the Study This study may be useful in gaining insights on the future of the economy based on the economic crises encountered by different industries and countries. The term ‘future’ is very general and many factors should be involved to determine the general future of the economic sector.             Understanding the roots, causes and effect of these economic crises can help the government and industries to determine ways on solving the challenges posts by these economic crises.             The economic crisis faced by companies and nations is considered as an ongoing economic problem that manifests itself with the liquidity issues in the banking system and other economies in the global market. It has been realized that one of the reasons for this economic crisis are very varied and complicated. In this regard, controlling and comprehending the ripple effect through the global economy as well as the management and marketing implication post critical challenges for investors, insurance companies, businesses, banking and economic industries as well as government institutions.    Literature Review Concept of the Sub-prime Crisis               The sub-prime crisis is an ongoing economic issue which manifests itself through liquidity problems in the banking system that owes to foreclosures which accelerated in the United States which starts in latter period of 2006 and triggered a global financial crisis during 2007 and 2008. This economic issue started with the bursting of the US housing bubble (Moyers, 2008; Lahart, 2008) and intensive default rates on sub-prime and other adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) created to higher-risk borrowers with lower revenue or lesser credit history than those prime borrowers. It is noted that the reasons for the sub-prime crisis are complex and varied. Because of this, understanding and controlling the ripple impact through the global economy posts critical challenges for businesses, investors, and government institutions.              The sub-prime lending is regarded as the practice of making loans to borrowers that do not qualify for market interest rates because of different risk aspects, like size of the down payment, income level, employment status and credit history. The amount of US prime mortgages was approximately $1.3 trillions as of March 2007 (MSNBC, 2008), with over 7.5 million first-lien sub-prime mortgages outstanding (Bernanke, 2007).  More or less 16% of the loans of sub-prime with adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) were 90-days delinquent or in foreclosure process as of October 2007, nearly triple the rate of 2005 (Bernanke, 2007). By January 2008, the delinquency rate had increased to 21% (Bernanke, 2008). The sub-crime crisis can be attributed to various factors. These factors include the incapacity of the homeowners to make their mortgage payments principally because of the loss of employment or health related aspects; insufficient mortgage I like short fixed term and buy downs adjustable rate mortgages couples with incentives fast rising adjustable mortgage values, poor judgement either by the lender and/or by the borrower. In addition, the declines of home prices have made the re-financing more complex. Due to the changes in line with securitization, it has been noted that the risks is related to the inability of the homeowners to attain mortgage payments had been distributed widely, with a series of consequential effects. Principally, there are four primary categories of risk involved with sub-prime crisis. These include credit risk, liquidity risk, and asset price risk and counter party risk. Specifically, the business organization is most interested in keeping counter party risk at low level since the volume of the bank’s total portfolio is largely determined by its trading activities. It was evident that counterparty risks associated with derivative trading activities are rooted among over-the-counter (OTC) transactions wherein additional expense or reduced revenue that would result from the replacement of the transaction by an equivalent position in the event of a default is evaluated and given necessary action. As such, there is a need for the people within Northern Rock organization to conceptualize means of minimizing the losses in terms of revenue and expenditure in over-the-counter transactions that the bank engages in. Moreover, counterparty selection is vital in order to maintain the strong hold of the business organization in the international banking industry.     The cross-product master netting agreements with business partners so as to reduce counterparty risks allowed all claims and liabilities not yet due to be offset against each other in the case of counterparty default. This served as contingency action in order to keep the expenses of over-the-counter transactions at minimum level while taking into account other factors and variables which causes loss in revenue.  The use of global multi-stage limit system to9 address credit risk exposure in credit and counterparty risk management by taking into account the replacement costs as well as other potential future price fluctuations will provide a comprehensive understanding and holistic view of the economic environment of the international banking industry guaranteeing safety nets among active participants in the business of global banking transactions. Other measures of unforeseen and emergent cases of loan loss allowances initiated by the management of Northern Rock include a value at risk procedure in quantifying collateralized transactions, and simulation procedure for unsecured transactions to assess the portfolio and correlations effects for calculating exposure.  Since it was revealed that the potential exposure could be reduced significantly in currency and interest rate transactions, succeeding business operations of the bank should be made to characterize these descriptions so as to contribute to the overall reduction of loan loss allowances.  In line with the credit risk, this risk is assumed by the bank which originates the loan. However, because of the major changes in securitization, credit risks are often transferred to third-party investors. Herein, the rights to mortgage payments have considered repackaging into a variety of complex investment vehicles, which generally categorized as collateralized debt obligations or mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Essentially, CDO is a repacking of present debt, and in previous years MBS collateral has generate a large proportion of issuance. In exchange of buying CDO or MBS and assuming credit risk, third party investors have gained a claim on the mortgage assets and related cash flows, which became collateral in the event of default.             On one hand, in line with asset price risk, CDO and MBS asset valuation is multifaceted and related fair value or mark to market accounting is subject to broad interpretation.  The valuation is derived from both the existence of viable market and the collectibility of sub-prime mortgage payments into which such assets can be traded which are interrelated. The rising mortgage delinquency rates have decreased demand for such assets. Banking and other institutional investors have identified substantial losses as they revalue their mortgage-backed securities downward. Several industries which borrowed money through CDO or MBS assets as collateral have encountered margin calls, as lenders provided their contractual rights to get their money back.  There is a growing consensus about the view on whether fair value accounting should not be suspended or temporarily modified, as large write-downs of complex value MBS and CDO assets might worsen the crisis (Gross, 2008).             In line with the liquidity risk, many industry rely on access to short-term funding market for operations of cash, these include the commercial paper and repurchase markets. Industries and structured investment vehicles often get short-term loans by issuing commercial paper, CDO and pledging mortgage assets as collateral.  In this regard, the investors provide cash in exchange for the commercial paper, which receive money-market interest rated. Nonetheless, due to the concerns about the value of the mortgage asset collateral associated with sub-prime and Alt-A loans, the capability of various industries to issue such paper has been impacted (Barr, 2007).  Furthermore, the interest rate charged by some investors to give loans for commercial paper has substantially increased above the historical level (Unmack, 2007).   Research Methodology             This proposed research is to determine the most severe economic crisis since 1970.  To achieve the objective of this study, descriptive approach will be used. Although both the qualitative and the quantitative research methods were used for the completion of this research activity, the study operates primarily under the qualitative research approach wherein the quality of the information gathered rather than the quantity of sources that are available to the researcher, is highly recommended so as not to compromise the quality of the data (Snijders, 1992; Faugier & Sergeant, 1997). Because the highly relevant aspects of the research study are characterized and classified as qualitative elements, standard measures that enabled quantification of the concepts will not meet the information needs of the project. These include the analysis of each of the economic crisis that hits the world. The exploratory research design served as the guiding framework for the execution of the entire research project. Exploratory research normally involves open-ended study, unguided by theory and intended to provide a new body of empirical knowledge from which theories might be postulated (Yin, 2003:22, Robson, 2002:59 & 399). As such, the case study research approach provided the most ideal methodology since the study calls for the need to conduct a holistic, in-depth investigation of the topic presented (Feagin, Orum & Sjoberg, 1991). This contributed to the knowledge of individual, group, organizational, social, political, and related phenomena being studied (Yin, 2003). Since the research project aims to enlighten identify the most sever economic crisis, assessment of each of the financial crisis will be considered. As such, the research activity employed means and measures to provide valid and reliable analyses of the economic crisis under the qualitative research approach. Hence, the entire research activity was composed of three data gathering procedures in order to identify the most sever economic crisis. These data gathering procedures include (a) interviews among economists and informed individuals (b) the interdepartmental ranking of economic crisis based on its major effect. and (c) in-depth case study of each of the economic crisis.   Coding and Data Interpretation The qualitative data collected through the key informant interview method were used and manipulated by utilizing the open-coding and axial coding procedures (Fico, Lacy & Riffe, 1998). This facilitated easier analysis of the qualitative information gathered as patterns, similarities and differences of the responses made by the informants of the study were classified and categorized to form logical data analysis and presentation. As such labels, words, and statements that were used by the participants to denote or connote similar concepts and themes were grouped and analyzed accordingly to summarize the core findings of the study (Kerig & Lindahl, 2001; Fairclough, 2003). Each of the concepts that were discussed during the key informant interview method were analyzed and related to the research questions and objectives so as to come up with sensible findings and results. Moreover, to facilitate the qualitative data analysis of the concepts of the study, content analyses of the responses of the interviewees were conducted. Defined, content analysis is the systematic, replicable technique for compressing many words of text into fewer content categories based on explicit rules of coding (Markel, 1998; Fico, Lacy & Riffe, 1998; West, 2001). It is not restricted to the domain of textual analysis but could also include the categorization of illustrations or drawings (Wheelock, Haney & Bebell, 2000) as well as behaviours of individuals that are video tape recorded (Stigler et al, 1999). These characteristics of the content analysis enable researchers to sift through large volumes of data with relative ease in a systematic fashion (Markel, 1998; Fico, Lacy & Riffe, 1998; West, 2001). Content analysis is a useful technique that allows the discovery and description of the individual, group, institutional, or social attention or focus of the study  (Kulm, Dager Wilson & Kitchen, 2005) which opens opportunities  to correctly interpret the collected inferences and data and can be corroborated using other methods of data collection. This particular systematic qualitative data processing has been very useful in the entirety of the study since the content analyses facilitated organized and logical sorting of large data from interviews in order to arrive at simpler concepts for analysis and discussion. Moreover, in-depth interpretation of the specific cases that were explored was made possible so as to come up with holistic analysis of the findings of the study. As such attributes, constructs and other similar connotations of the topic of the study were grouped together to synthesize the results of the study as well as to mange the data more effectively and efficiently. In the case of the quantitative data collected in the interdepartmental website ranking, the descriptive statistics in the form of frequency through tallies was primarily used so as to present quantitative data descriptions in manageable forms.   Validity and Reliability This study employed qualitative research method (key informant interview) as the primary data collection procedure. Thus, ensuring the validity of the accumulated data is considered to be the most crucial stage of the research endeavor. This aspect of research was attended by the researcher because the validity of the data dictates the quality of the outcome of the accomplished procedures. Since a methodology is always employed in the service of a research question, validation of the inferences made on the basis of data from one analytic approach demands the use of multiple sources of information through validation study built into the design. In qualitative research, validation takes the form of triangulation which lends credibility to the findings by incorporating multiple sources of data, methods, investigators, or theories (Kaplan & Duchon, 1998; Foss & Ellefsen, 2002; Mingers, 2001). However, content analysis itself is only valid and meaningful to the extent that the results are related to other measures (Markel, 1998; Fico, Lacy & Riffe, 1998; West, 2001) which necessitated the use of triangulation method. The triangulation research strategy in which the use of multiple sources to enhance the rigor of the research (Robson, 2002:174) helped in the in-depth case analysis of the paper conglomerating three different aspect of the study which includes the (a) background information regarding the new initiatives and characteristics of the Dubai municipality governance while (b) classifying the structure of the organization into huge, middle and small department categories and (c) and the e-Governance practice in the United Arab Emirates focusing on its online services. Moreover, the interdepartmental ranking of the websites supported the researcher’s aim to present accurate and truthful findings following the principle of triangulation.   Reference   Faugier, J & Sargeant, M 1997, ‘Sampling hard to reach populations’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 26, pp. 790-797. Feagin, J, Orum, A & Sjoberg, G (Eds.) 1991, A case for case study, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, pp.20-26. Fico, FG, Lacy, S & Riffe, D 1998, Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ Flick, U 1998, An Introduction to Qualitative Research, London: Sage. Foss C, & Ellefsen B 2002, ‘The value of combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in nursing research by means of method triangulation’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 242-8. Gliner, JA & Morgan, GA 2000, Research Methods in Applied Settings: An Integrated Approach to Design and Analysis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. Green, JJ 2005, Design, Methods and Measurement for Applied Research, (PowerPoint Presentation) Institute of Community-Based Research, Division of Social Sciences/Centre for Community and Economic Development, Delta State University. Guba, E & Lincoln, YS 1998, 'Competing paradigms in qualitative research', In Denzin, NK & Lincoln, YS editors, The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Lahart, J. Egg Cracks Differ In Housing, Finance Shells. Online available http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119845906460548071.html?mod=googlenews_wsj. Retrieve December 13, 2008, 2 Lim, M. Subprime mortgage meltdown: Roots of the crisis. Online available http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/talkofthetown/view_article.php?article_id=101568. Retrieve December 13, 2008. Moyers, B. Online available http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/06292007/transcript5.html.  Retrieve December 13, 2008, 1. Yin, Robert K. (2003) Case study research: Design and methods (3rd Edition), Sage.

Research Proposal :Analysis of the Most Severe Economic Crisis since 1970

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Dissertation Objectives on Supply Chain Management: Economics or Environment

Objectives   1)          To identify and explain what SCM is and how it is beneficial to businesses on a   whole.   2)         To assess the issues surrounding SCM.   3)         To identify and assess the economic and environmental issues when   implementing SCM.   4)          To identify and examine the attitudes and opinions of managers and employees   in respect to implementation of SCM, together with their opinions on the   environmental issues.

Dissertation Objectives on Supply Chain Management: Economics or Environment

Objectives 1) To identify and explain what SCM is and how it is beneficial to businesses on a whole. 2) ...

STAFF TURNOVER

OBJECTIVES As a person with knowledge of staff turnover and retention, the author has always brought up to his superiors the viability of strategy formation regarding staff turnover and retention management and at times fail to understand the reasons or logic behind certain strategic implementations imposed on it. By delving into this project paper, the author intends to have better insights into how staff turnover and retention is thought up, formulated and then imparted down. The author hopes to have an in-depth understanding as to how the staff members reconcile the need to become more strategic with the demands of managers to carry out the traditional personnel roles. In order to reinforce the learning objectives, two key focal issues were focused upon, i.e. innovation and diversity. Innovation was discussed with regards to staff turnover and retention where it was renowned for its developmental capabilities to constantly innovate. Diversity came under strategic thinking and formation as the author considered the diverse culture, political climate, economic surroundings, social environment, technological settings, government policies and legal systems in order to understand staff turnover and retention. EXECUTIVE BRIEF This essay utilized staff members and professionals as the models to review their turnover and retention, and how they dealt with critical situations. From the analysis, key trends in their needs to become strategic were identified, how they worked and their effectiveness in dealing with critical situations was ascertained. The paper then moved on to assess the staff member’s traditional personnel roles with regard to their suitability to critical situations, during which their internal capabilities in relation to the traditional personnel roles being followed was determined also. An overall analysis on how staff members can reconcile the need to become more strategic with the demands of managers to carry out the traditional personnel roles was also conducted to assess and compare the capabilities of their strategies with those of others. Gaps in their capabilities and the reconciliation process were then identified. Finally, several choices of strategies to improve the strategic roles and skills of the staff members as effective means in turnover and retention were then recommended and evaluated in terms of appropriateness to the issues reviewed, feasibility in carrying out the options and acceptability within the key stakeholders and decision makers. Several key implementation issues related to managing strategic change was also addressed as well. INTRODUCTION All companies and organizations are governed by their basic goals and objectives. These objectives are often regarded to as the “corporate vision” or “corporate philosophy” (Condrey, 2001). Thus, certain strategies are being implemented with the aim of achieving these goals and objectives, and this constitutes a key element in the characterization of a company or organization. Staff members are undoubtedly an important indicator in determining the characteristics of a company or organization. It is a well known fact that staff members play a crucial role towards differentiation and a potent source of competitiveness for any organization or company. Therefore, any organization must constantly invest in human resource professional development even during periods of recession. However, the determination of the extent to which an organization can invest in terms of staff turnover and retention depends on the financial capabilities of the company or organization (Ulrich, 2004). Finances will also be carefully considered in determining the target for training and development, because it should jive with the basic policies of an organization’s human resource development strategy.             Staff turnover and retention in most organizations and companies in the past decade has gradually transformed from low-level activities into high-profile contributors to organizational success (Connolly et al. 2002). However, budgets are also elevating at a faster rate than the gross national product. In the midst of this growth and increased influence, managers and executives of companies and organizations are left with a confusing question: Who among our staff members should be retained or not?   Goals / Objectives of Staff Turnover and Retention Staff turnover and retention have four main objectives: A)   Retain the top professionals and let go of underperforming personnel. Being on top of the industry enables professionals and staff members to command the respect and confidence of the public, thereby getting retained in their respective positions. Thus, these professionals and staff members are able to expand their expertise aside from the traditional personnel roles through the acquisition of critical knowledge and skills (Einsestat, 2001). B)    Gain more income than other companies and organizations. The services that are being laid down by excellent and hardworking staff members and professionals are able to meet high quality standards of their clients. As a result, the organizations employing these staff members are able to earn more income as against other companies in other industries. C)    Establish the best brand of quality HR services; and D)   Maintaining the quality of staff members. Having an office with quality professionals and staff members allows organizations and companies to continue their tradition of excellence in both its services by setting new trends and standards. More often than not, staff members don't really make an immediate impact upon performance of the traditional personnel roles. Instead, they engage in activities that gradually propel them towards the high level of importance, thereby greatly increasing their chances for retentions. However, the roles that staff members play are not limited to traditional personnel roles. Activities such as educating the public and other social responsibilities are often related with staff members. A great deal of emphasis lies on the efficiency and effectiveness of these roles. Therefore, understanding staff retention and turnover includes the analysis and management of their significant roles (Perry et al. 2003). Staff Retention and Turnover Criteria Most companies and organizations’ criteria for staff turnover and retention can be summarized into five (5) main aspects. These are: ·        Planning and Strategy Formation Capabilities Planning and strategy formation nowadays has created the need for staff members to become aggressive especially in the area of marketing themselves. This is because the access to strong distribution channels is critical for their continued retention in any company or organization. ·        Decision-making Capabilities Upon arriving at the correct decision or choice, the staff member now gains confidence in his / her ability to make critical decisions or choices especially when his / her integrity and job retention is on the line. Thus, this staff member will now search for even more challenges and opportunities where he / she could further enhance his / her decision-making abilities regarding current human resource issues. ·        Analytical Skills Through the exposure to various puzzling human resource issues, the staff member along the process is able to develop a holistic mindset regarding the issues surrounding him / her. The staff member now becomes a keen observer of the truths and lies surrounding the issue being tackled, instead of relying on mere hearsays. The continuous pursuit of the truth behind the puzzling issues enables the staff member to consistently practice and enhance a healthy and holistic mindset which makes it difficult for detractors to give influence. Because of this holistic approach, the staff member is able to effectively select the right choice and continue to maximize this potential for future use, leaving their employers impressed and wanting them to stay in their company (Overman, 2002). ·        Mental Stability Mental stability is crucial especially in the pursuit of the correct decision as well as the management and development of the processes accompanying it. It is important for staff members to remain updated with the latest developments to be able to stay aware and knowledgeable in all issues. ·         Performance and Credibility The production of their best human resource outputs comes as a result of well-funded research management and development activities. The strong performance of staff members and their outputs could also be linked to the effective strategic planning and human resource mobilization. Thus, the staff member’s retention status increases as his / her performance becomes better. Implications for the practice of HRM 1) Staff members and the Need to become Strategic In lieu of the present developments in human resource professional development, there have been significant visions of learning that evolved. A majority of these learning visions are based on the idea that human resource professional development is a social process where knowledge is denied instead of being acquired passively. Learning, then, transforms into an interactive process. The interaction is being verified through the help of the participants in the learning process such as the human resource professional and the managers. In this framework, becoming strategic would mean the continued guidance and support of the active learning process. Obviously, this would call for an intensive and phased guiding strategy (Heuerman, 2004). When in the active pursuit to become strategic, the interaction of human resource professionals with the managers forms an integral part towards its success. Collaborative learning as a strategic method is gradually being used by human resource professionals nowadays. Through this approach, the human resource professional can become strategic through the imitation of common human resource development techniques in the socialization processes. In the process, the human resource professionals are able to obtain the chance to see their own ideas in a different aspect and therefore be able to take alternatives into consideration. The relative effectiveness of this approach is determined with the capability of the human resource professionals to continuously challenge their pre-acquired knowledge by trying to adapt to the interpretations of their managers (Gratton, 2003). Aside from the managers and the staff members, the different resources of strategic learning belong to a third category of factors of a learning environment. Moreover, strategic learning methods have shown signs of significant growth over the past years. Consequently, obtaining knowledge becomes more complicated. This is because the transformation of all this information into strategic knowledge requires the managers to possess the appropriate reference frameworks. 2) Staff members and the Development of Corporate Strategy Staff members help companies and organizations in aiming for sustainable growth as well as for segment leadership in their respective industries. They help companies and organizations to establish its broad leadership usually by redefining their corporate strategies and their products and services. The changes or redirection of the corporate strategy of an organization or company may include offering training to its employees, improving the company operations, and the introduction of new technologies then reinforces the positions of the various products of the company. This practically results in economies of scale that is able to create a distribution network for both the local and international products of the company.             The role of staff members in the development of the corporate strategy is to help that particular company or organization in securing the growth of their business in a sustainable manner, while at the same time constantly improving the company’s profitability. The strategy being employed by staff members to achieve this involves four elements: <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Encouraging companies and organizations to strive in order to reach a leading position in attractive markets </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Development of a corporate strategy focusing on securing a competitive share of the market segments. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Working in order to improve the company’s efficiency and cut costs in operations. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Aiming for continuous growth through selective acquisitions for as long as the company can create shareholder value. </li> The recent efforts of staff members to reconcile the need to become strategic with the demands of managers to carry out the traditional personnel roles would definitely make progress with the growing role of information and communications technology (ICT) in the human resource development. This fits in with the larger need of staff members towards reconciling with the demands of managers. Therefore, the reconciliation process would become possible if the staff members are fully adapted to ICT. Nowadays, staff members are more and more using artificial intelligence systems in order to carry out their traditional personnel roles (Galpin et al. 2002). The traditional personnel roles of the staff members are being influenced by the interaction of two major factors. On the one hand, the instructional factors: the human resource philosophy brought about by the staff members and its conversion into didactical ideas. On the other hand, organizational factors: the managers, staff, infrastructure and policies related in this area. It is obvious that the staff members must possess a sound vision of policies and the efficient use of the operating budget in order to effectively reconcile the need to become more strategic with the demands of managers to carry out the traditional personnel roles (Gonzalez, 2003). Nevertheless, these staff members need an interaction between both factors. This is because in order to respond to the new visions of learning, they will eventually transform into a model together with the various aspects of the reconciliation process. In return, the managers will have to continuously monitor their limitations and along the process introduce innovations. CONCLUSION The results of the analysis carried out on the traditional personnel roles of staff members indicated very significant effects, even amidst the threats of unrest. Therefore, we could conclude that the staff member’s traditional personnel roles could still be expected to increase faster than average. The review of the objectives and criteria for staff retention and turnover revealed very little inconsistencies regarding the needs of companies and organizations to become strategic. This is coherent with their traditional inside-out approach. However, the need to reconcile both the inside-out and outside-in approaches becomes imperative now for these companies and organizations. The analysis among the reconciliation process as well as the traditional personnel roles of the staff members revealed certain gaps, most of which are biased towards the environment. However, these gaps paved the way towards determining a number of recommended strategic options to secure the staff member’s competitiveness. Also, the staff member has to find a balance between adherence to internal forces and to the changing forces of the environment in order to effectively reconcile the need to become more strategic with the demands of managers to carry out the traditional personnel roles.

STAFF TURNOVER

OBJECTIVES As a person with knowledge of staff turnover and retention, the author has always brought up to his superiors the viability...

Research proposal on The level at which linguistic and management strategies affect the motivation of employees: Linguistic in terms of mannerism and politeness

The level at which linguistic and management strategies affect the motivation of employees: Linguistic in terms of mannerism and politeness   Background and Literature review The research describe research outcomes into linguistic mannerism as well as linguistic politeness of English speaking employees and such type of politeness strategy for instance, speech acts of employee greeting as the employees adhere to strict conventions of polite behavior which eroded over time in English speaking world. Thus, important to retain employee mannerism as well as politeness to determine levels of linguistic and management affecting motivation of employees. Providing researcher affective support as recognized to successful work station comprising of academic team as school oriented employees or faculties. Thus, research on mannerism and politeness provide plausible answers to research questions. The presentation of framework referring teachers selecting corrective feedback based on mannerism politeness notion of language assumption from given specific contexts. Discussion of employee motivation in language context were limited by the understanding the field of applied linguistics being attached to it. The need to review standards applied in linguistics approach, go on to provide overview of research into motivation, and demonstrate utility of research concepts as basis for research agenda for employee studies as presented. Indeed, literature on motivation and suggest that there is an important link in linguistic strategy and management through mannerism and politeness which could account for claimed power of employee success. Politeness is important aspect of human communication as Brown and Levinson developed theory of linguistic politeness, most sociolinguistic studies have looked at politeness (Hartung, 2001, p. 214). The positive face need is 'the positive consistent self-image by interactants' and the negative face need is basic claim to territories, personal preserves, rights to non-distraction like, freedom of action and freedom from imposition (Brown and Levinson, 1987, p. 61). Positive politeness attends to a person's positive face needs and includes such speech acts as compliments, invitations and greetings. It expresses good-will and solidarity. Thus, negative politeness attends to a person's negative face needs and includes indirectness and apologies (Holmes 1995, p. 154). However, Kleinberger Gunther (2001, p. 118) claims that polite speech act can only be effective if the receiver understands how it was intended. Degrees of familiarity and respect between interactants can be described in terms of model: polite behavior tends to be more attentive and elaborate with acquaintances and casual friends than with people at the two extremes of social distance (Holmes, 1995). The linguistic expression of politeness is accompanied by verbal and non-verbal actions, such as eye contact, smile, and hand-shake. There explores how power is embedded in manners of speech exchanged in everyday interaction among superiors and subordinates as drawing upon linguistic theory of mannerism and politeness. Politeness, linguistic behaviors used to demonstrate regard and consideration as sensitive to social distribution of motivation among employees. When superiors use politeness, they are more likely than subordinates to employ subtype of politeness that demonstrates consideration by intimating social familiarity and camaraderie. The literature shows how linguistic perspectives can contribute to understanding of employee motivation phenomena (Morand, 1996 p. 544). Modern research on politeness was dominated by a strategic approach for several years: politeness was seen as a result of the rational need for balanced interpersonal relations, politeness mechanisms were considered universal. However, the investigations carried out on different cultures soon began to show that things were not that simple: cultures strongly differ not only in forms, but also in the social meanings associated with various strategies, in internal structure of speech acts, or in the expectations concerning verbal behavior, politeness studies seem to have fallen into contradiction between universality and culture (Morand, 1996 p. 544). Research Questions 1.      What is meant by levels of linguistic and management strategies? How the latter places an importance to employees? 2.      How the two strategies do mentioned in question 1 affect the motivation status of employees? Discuss and provide examples 3.      What is meant by employee motivation? Explain aspects and process of motivation adhering to employee based context 4.       What is MANNERISM in linguistic domain all about? How it affect employee motivation? Briefly discuss 5.      What is POLITENESS in linguistic domain all about? How it affect employee motivation? Briefly discuss Research Hypothesis Hy 1: There is positive level of linguistic and management strategies affecting motivation of employees. Hy 2: There is negative level of linguistic and management strategies affecting motivation of employees Hy 3: There is positive MANNERISM and positive POLITENESS affecting employee motivation. Hy 4: There is negative MANNERISM and negative POLITENESS affecting employee motivation Research Objectives and Methodology Recognizing in linguistic and management strategies that affect employee motivation, finding out levels of the strategies mostly linguistics in terms of mannerism and politeness. The identification of knowledge centered research that finds out several ideal levels of linguistic, management strategies concerning employees. The research study will indicate and include appropriate preliminary literature presenting as one ideal research methodology to execute. Determining in mannerism and politeness that affects employee motivation through language assimilation and adaptation. Thus, there will be such need to compare and contrast mannerism and politeness of employees through case study approach by means of case survey format through statements integrating scale system interpretation; five point system comprising of several sections.  The case survey will be given to a total of 50 employees comprising of faculty members. -       1st section refers to personal profile of the employees -       2nd section refers to survey statements regarding levels of linguistics strategies that employees perceive to be essential in motivating them -       3rd section implies to survey statements regarding levels of management strategies that employees perceive to be essential in motivating them -       4th section adheres to survey statements about linguistics in accordance to MANNERISM of employees -       5th section integrates to survey statements about linguistics in accordance to POLITENESS of employees   References Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness. Some universals in language usage. Cambridge. Hartung, M. (2001). Höflichkeit und das Kommunikationsverhalten Jugendlicher". In: Lüger, Heinz-Helmut (ed.): Höflichkeitsstile. Frankfurt a.M./Berlin/Bern etc.: 213-232. (= Cross Cultural Communication 7) Holmes, J. (1995). Women, Men and Politeness. London/New York Kleinberger Günther, U. (2001). Sprachliche Höflichkeit in innerbetrieblichen e-mails. In: Lüger, Heinz-Helmut (ed.): Höflichkeitsstile. Frankfurt a.M./ Berlin/Bern etc.: 147-164. (= Cross Cultural Communication 7). Morand, D. (1996). Dominance, Deference, and Egalitarianism in Organizational Interaction: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Power and Politeness. Organization Science, Vol. 7, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1996), pp. 544-556. Published by: INFORMS

Research proposal on The level at which linguistic and management strategies affect the motivation of employees: Linguistic in terms of mannerism and politeness

The level at which linguistic and management strategies affect the motivation of employees: Linguistic in terms of mannerism and politene...

Analyzing the status, strategies and resources of businesses and their products or services

Analyzing the status, strategies and resources of businesses and their products or services is very essential as it allows operators to determine how they will progress in the years to come. This also enables them to identify their strengths and how they will optimize them. On the other hand, business analysis also makes operators realize their weak points, allowing them to address them immediately with effective strategic actions. Conducting a business analysis also helps organizations to prepare for their future development and growth. Considering that competition in the business field is continuously growing, implementing efficient strategies through business analysis is indeed significant for all operators in any industry. Product Overview             Procter and Gamble’s Tide is among the most popular and widely patronized detergents in the world. P&G takes pride in pronouncing that the product is its flagship brand (Decker, 1998). Since its launching in 1946, the world’s first synthetic detergent established its market supremacy. With its wide array of products offered such as Tide Liquid, Tide Powder, Tide with Febreze Freshness, Tide Coldwater, Tide with touch of Downy, Tide with Bleach, Tide with Bleach Alternative, Tide HE (High Efficiency), Tide Kick, Tide Stainbrush, Tide Buzz, and others, it continued its stability in the market and its fifty years of commitment in helping families in their laundry needs (Tide Fabric Care Network, 2006). Reason(s) for Marketing Strategy             Today’s market is characterized by highly competitive organizations which are all vying for consumer’s loyalty. Firms are faced with the challenge to maintain their own competitive edge to be able to survive and be successful. Strategies are carefully planned and executed to gain the ultimate goal of all: company growth. However, external factors are not the only elements which influence growth.             Along with the changing business world, customers change as well, becoming more demanding and knowledgeable than before. In turn, company management had shifted their focus on their clients or customers so as to stay successful in business. This transition meant that organizations have to completely reformulate their conventional business aims and purposes from being process-focused to customer-centered. Moreover, employing proactive customer commitment involves the consideration on culture and infrastructure (Lowenstein, 1997).   Organizations that capitalize on customers' active participation in organizational activities can gain competitive advantage through greater sales volume, enhanced operating efficiencies, positive word-of-mouth publicity, reduced marketing expenses, and enhanced customer loyalty (Lovelock & Young, 1979; Reichheld & Sasser, 1990). Rather than going after every potential source of revenue, companies eliminate useless assets that do not add value for customers’ satisfaction. Business organizations implement bureaucratic policies and procedures for the benefit of the staff, customers and the company in general. According to Bowers, Martin and Luker (1990), if consumers somehow become better customers – that is, more knowledgeable, participative, or productive – the quality of the service experience will likely be enhanced for the customer and the organization. As in the case of every product, Tide present and future potential in the global market somewhat, if not entirely depends on its facility to lure prospective customers. Usually, Tide targets women ages 18 to 54 years old. Over years, Tide constantly directs its marketing strategies to suit women of these ages. This is because when it comes to laundry, women belonging to this category hold the power to make decisions. This claim gained support from the national survey conducted by the American Demographics. P&G sees that such feat is crucial if Tide is to maintain its leading position in the laundry detergent market (Larkin, 1996). Findings revealed that a minimal proportion of 8% of the grocery shopping for the household is performed by men as opposed to women who done almost 56% of the tasks. However, the proportion (36%) tends to equalizes when balance of the grocery shopping is to be determined.             To formulate such marketing strategy, the management must take into consideration some significant aspects such as market condition, competitor analysis, and consumer expectations. Market Condition             Tide still dominates the laundry product marketing arena. Globally, Tide sales have been pretty stable over years. However, during the fifteenth celebration of its anniversary, P&G has to confront the challenge of introducing the product to a new variety of consumers (Barr et al., 1997). Customarily, marketing strategy of the products is directed to the mothers at home. However, the contemporary social arrangements call for a need to improve its marketing strategy. It will be advantageous to the company if it could make the product sells even to the younger women. What more effective to reach them than with the use of the World Wide Web. During its 50th celebration, the company also rejoiced its outstanding position in the global market. In the $4 billion laundry detergent market, the share of Tide sales reached up to 36.6% accounting the $1.5 billion in sales last 1996. These figures mirror the reason why its nearest contenders, Cheer (P&G) and Wisk (Lever Brothers) are lagging behind with only 8% and 7.9% market shares, respectively (Chemical Market Reporter, 1997).  If R. Kelly Clark, the president of P&G’s U.S. Laundry and Cleaning Products is to be believed, the excellent performance of Tide sales are not merely due to its price but to its quality. Tide merely resembles the company’s commitment to provide consumers excellent service through innovations (Elliot, 1996). It is popular among costumers because of it provides high-quality cleaning specializing on both colored and non-colored clothes. No doubt the Tide is on of the most important products of P&G. In fact, according to Ed Rider, the Chief Archivist of P&G the future success of the whole company depends on the performance of Tide in global market (Elliot, 1996). Competitor             Accordingly, Tide was among the top 20 world’s detergent manufacturer. In 2000, according to the records published in Euromonitor, Tide led the list with the highest share of $3.0bn. It is followed by its stalemate, Ariel ($2.7bn) and its strongest rivals Omo ($2.2bn), Surf ($767m), Henkil’s Persil ($763m), Attack ($505m), Skip ($502m), Uniliver’s Persil ($492m), Dash/Daz ($482m) and Purex ($480m) respectively (Tide/Ariel: brand profile, 2006).             Its strongest competitors are laundry products of Uniliver such as Omo, Surf, and Persil as seen on its contribution to the facts above. With the emergence of other detergent brands as effects of product innovation and consumer behavior dynamics, Tide and P&G needs further stratification and concentration of marketing strategy focusing on its eventual market domination. Customers’ Expectations The varying tastes of consumers widely affect the position of every product in the market. Every consumer is expecting for continuous and excellent service. They also anticipate for new product innovation that will suit their varying taste whenever new threats (such as other brands) are present in the market. In general, consumer always expect for better products and services that will satisfy their needs. Relative Importance of 4Ps             Primarily, Tide targets households who have exceptionally high amount of laundry to be able to realize its full market potential. It was previously determined that brand loyalty can be passed from generations to generations. When children learned to use a particular brand from their parent’s experience, the probability that he/she will remained loyal to it all the way through adulthood is great. Then, the habit would soon be imparted to their own children. However, without it would be another story when children leave their immediate family and decide to make a solo living. Since this is the prevailing tendency nowadays among youngster, Tide has to find ways to retain the brand loyalty among its consumers. In study initiated by A.C. Nielsen, it was revealed that solo flight individuals, belonging to the age range 35 and younger, are less likely to buy traditional packaged laundry detergent. They opted to purchase single package, laundromat vending machine products and/or use wash/dry/fold services instead (Mogolensky, 1996). Moreover, a child who has grown with less or no responsibility is more likely to avail other laundry products instead of using Tide. Thus, Tide has to ensure that its consumers will retain its loyalty once they get married or built their own family by providing a sound branding link that would begins from the moment the daughter decides to leave their home and the time she get married.             Aside from the issue of establishing a secured brand link, P&G must, among any other else considered first the issue of marketing mix and its importance, which has a direct impact on its appeal to the target consumers and to the company as a whole. Price – Being the most powerful tool in marketing, price is identified following the company’s established goals and objectives. These goals range from enhancing the market share of the products, improving the demands in the target markets, to extending the sales at an even rate for one whole day, week, month, or year. Pricing is utilized in several ways namely (1) to increase unit sales so that resources of the firm; (2) to restrict sales, or limit the quantities demanded per unit time;(3) to make the market less attractive to actual or potential competitors; and (4) to attract buyers so that they will buy other items once the transaction has begun.             Today, P&G pricing of Tide detergent soap proves to be an effective means not only to attract consumers but also to lessen the market appeal of its competitors. These had been the case in India, where P&G had launched the 20-50% discounts for both Ariel and Tide. As a result, buying Tide has become an economic-wise option for the larger masses. The prime purpose was to lure more consumers to try the product. With the slashed price, volumes of Tide sales have surged tremendously triggering (Chatterjee, 2004). Product-Service Offering – Product-service offering, on the hand involves the offerings that can be manipulated. These include the features or attributes (actual or perceived), images, warranties, after-sales service, training for the customers, delivery, installation of the product, and responsibility for the product at the end of its productive life.             Tide’s usefulness expires as soon as the laundry is finished, but this is not to suggest that P&G will not be held liable after its use. As in the usual trend nowadays, providing a somewhat feedback mechanism is indeed useful. Although, this has long been realized by the P&G that’s why in every sachet/package of Tide one would notice phrases like “if you have comments/ suggestions…” However, only few of the modern consumers know of this right. Usually, they are contented with using the products, and no longer care less with how much the company would appreciate their effort to give them a ring or write them. P&G should reinforce the message to its consumers with their TV/radio/net ads so that the consumers would know of their rights. In return, the company would be able to know directly for costumers how they feel about the products, what they think of it, what recommendations they can provide etc.             “Tide” as a brand name is an excellent choice. It passes on the messages of supremacy and toughness. Tide has been renowned by its reputation of complimenting the ever-changing people’s temperaments for fashion. When, white fabric has been the overwhelming obsession, Tide with whitening power has been introduced. Likewise, when bright colors reigned, P&G led the campaign for Tide “extra action” specializing on bright-colored clothes. Promotion – In 1999, Procter and Gamble spends nearly $5.5 billion on global advertising making it one of the world’s biggest advertisers. Procter and Gamble exhausts the benefits of both the print and electronic media worldwide (Himelstein and Galuska, 1999).             Today, the existence of Internet and the continued revolution in the world of Information Technology are certainly positive signs for the blossoming of many new advertising opportunities. For instance, pop-up ads and email ads have started to invade the Internet. Most advertising firms have also started to exert efforts to make their advertisements appealing to the public (McAndrews & Roberds, 2001). Further, personal selling, sales promotions, in the forms of souvenirs, and point-of-purchase displays (POP), publicity through non-paid presentation of the product to the target market (feature articles and special news coverage), and public relations (established link with the stakeholders. Similarly, TV and radio advertising are also important channels to further promote Tide. Usually, effective television and radio advertising involves a good opening punch line, presentation of the competitor’s product (brand must not be mentioned) and its weakness, testimony of experts or renowned personalities/authorities, and in some cases, use of famous movie actors and actress also helps.             Drawing the attention of the Internet users obviously would not readily move them in to action. It is very important, then to make some ways or employ some effective techniques to further engage them in the site (see www.tide.com site). Thus, a thorough consideration must be given to the content of the site. Content’s breadth, depth, manner of presentation, and timeliness are what primarily holds the attention of visitors. The more engaging is the site, the greater the possibility that the consumers will act positively to the ads. Lastly, it is very vital indeed to retain the site in order to engage site’s visitors. To do this, the site must always be monitored and updated. It must also provide venue where visitors could give their comments, recommendations, and other feedbacks to the site or the product so that improvements may be incorporated accordingly.             Effective promotion of the product through advertising in various media maintains the superior standing of the product in the wide detergent marketplace. Place/Distribution – Decisions involving the place/distribution are also crucial in meeting the needs of the target market. There are many factors to consider such as the choice of location where the product will be sold to the consumers, and the various channel distribution required to bring the product in the target market. Elements of distribution channel include the packaging, storage facilities, transportation, and the members of the channel itself (producers, brokers, retailers and households. It is always relevant to choose a channel pattern that is suitable for the target market needs. Thus, if the targets are the women who are working, selling directly to the Internet and through various salespeople is the best choice. However, Tide being a product that serve to satisfy the immediate nee of people must always be available in both retail stores and wholesalers’ stores.             On the one hand, packaging the product involved the following considerations; packaging must (1) facilitate storage and handling of the product, (2) protect Tide for extreme temperature or moisture, (3) protect Tide from being deformed or damaged, (4) to provide quantity, source (brand), and the concerned party to be called in times of any trouble with the products occur and, (5) isolate appropriate purchase quantities. Colors of the packaging materials (sachets and the like) must be bright colors to instantly capture the attention of the consumers. It does matter, too if the words are clearly comprehensible for the consumers. On the one hand, it is a minus factor when the words written in the packaging materials are of different language. This implies that the company is not “in communion” with the consumers since it further indicates that the target consumers are of someplace else.             Meanwhile, storing Tide must be done complimenting the environmental rules of the place where it is to be stored. For effective handling of the storage costs P&G must inform its stakeholders, manufacturers and brokers about the various storage risks. These could range from fires, theft, or loss of market demand. There is also a need to further rationalize the supply chain management. P&G may opt to operationally implements the just-in-time management of products.  The process may involve building of sound communication channels with the consumers, manufacturers, brokers, and other stakeholders (Ghosal and Bartlett, 1998).             In summary, the marketing strategy for P&G to promote Tide detergent laundry soap consists was founded on the considerations of various marketing mix (4Ps). Pricing decisions was done considering the demographic and socio-economic attributes of its target market. Product-service offerings included a sound feedback mechanism. On the one hand, P&G focused on net advertising for Tide and its related products. Lastly, decisions on place/distribution were shared by various stakeholders – manufacturers, retailers, broker, and the customers. Thus, the international marketing superiority of Tide is irrevocable. Future Trends on Emergence             As a natural process of reaction in the product marketing, the dynamic and diverse consumer preferences and behavior is the most predicted trend that will affect the marketing strategy of P&G for Tide. Due to different geographical location, cultural beliefs and practices, and personal indifferences, various segments of the current marketing strategy are subject to possible changes.             Additionally, environmental factors are also trends to be considered. With the awareness and promotion of the harmful effects of non-biodegradable detergents to the environment is a serious matter Tide must tackle. Pro-environment advocates maintain their standing on protecting nature against the usage of harmful substances. Economically, the consistent evaluation of economic situation and stability of the market is a powerful trend that will greatly affect the product especially to other countries covered by its patronization. A close contact is very necessary.             Further, the company management is also considered as contributor for future trends in the product. The human resource function of the company must maintain its esprit de corps to all the people involve in the production up to the marketing of the product. Unified workforce and harmonious relationship to the market guarantees continued growth and success. International Marketing             The international marketing of P&G for Tide is highly significant. Basing it from the facts gathered in this research, it could be concluded that the international marketing of Tide is effective. Its continuous commitment in achieving its goals defines its success and further utilization. Every business must know how to stay in competition in order to survive in the market. In terms of competition one great and possible strategy to do is a possible merger, a joint ventures or a strategic alliances.  By doing this kind of strategy it will lessen the competition in the market.  In general, it is better to understand that the driver of firm profitability in a competitive market is a key marketing challenge and strategy.              In conclusion, this marketing srategy analysis was able to identify the different resources of P&G’s Tide. This report clearly stresses that despite the success of any company, constant strategic change and development is essential. This in turn, can help ensure the businesses’ future progress.

Analyzing the status, strategies and resources of businesses and their products or services

Analyzing the status, strategies and resources of businesses and their products or services is very essential...