Research Korner

Philosophy Essay on Poverty

Philosophy Essay Introduction             One must have to understand the difficult situation poverty creates. Nevertheless, the root cause of poverty could not easily be pinpointed but the wide-ranging and often devastating effects are constantly determined. Poverty is simply defined as the condition of having insufficient resources or income leading to the lack of basic human needs. Aside from social stratification wherein societies are divided in terms of hierarchy of wealth, power and status, more profound arguments surrounding poverty are built upon the extent of individual responsibility other than that of governments’. The question now is how an individual are going to justify own caprice and vice despite the staggering state of poverty in the world today? Another perspective that people should ponder on is our individual responsibility to contribute in the eradication of poverty. These issues will be explored in this essay. Materialism and poverty             Contextually, having more than one pair of sunglasses is but a symbolism but beyond such is the idea of materialism or being materialistic. Materialistic is that person who values material things such as money and possession more than spiritual, intellectual and cultural domains. What is much frightening is the fact that materialistic values are overpowering social equality. Kasser (2002) points out that insecurity is the key to materialism. Materialistic persons usually experience fewer positive emotions and materialistic pursuits decrease the quality of life and existence (p. 12). High levels of materialism are commonly associated with low levels of self-actualization, acceptance and vitality, leading to anti-social behavior and self-destruction. The paradox is that materialism is a commonplace in people whose childhoods were made less secure by poverty (Gallaway, 2003).               As such, materialism is increasingly becoming the central construct where satisfaction and dissatisfaction is based. The sad truth about materialism is the fact that it breeds possessiveness, non-generosity and envy (Fournier and Richins, 1991; Hunt, 1996). Possessiveness is simply the demand ownership as an indicator of possession. The unwillingness to share such possessions is known as non-generosity while envy is the desire for others’ possessions, all of which negates the idea of sharing and mutual helping. Kasser (2002) concluded that one solution for making the world materialistic and improving contentment is through eliminating poverty. This could be true since poverty leads to materialism and well-being by failing to satisfy needs for safety and sustenance. But when it comes to levels of affluence and willingness to help others, this may not be the case. Individual responsibility and poverty              Though we cannot blame those people who are intentionally unwilling to share their possessions to others, we can say that their actions of not to share would not justify their actions to be materialistic. People will spend money onto themselves especially when they work hard for that money (Payne, 1997). Poverty and how it should be mitigated, materialistic will reasons, is not an obligation of those who are wealthy but of the government’s. Somehow, a realization is that the money spent on worldly desires would not have any detectable effect on a person’s contentment and happiness. While they may give to the hungry, ill and oppressed a portion of what they have, these people must satisfy their needs, wants and desires (Chatterjee et al, 1995). Which is what is actually happening in reality; poor people cannot expect rich people to give money to create opportunities for those who are in more need especially if it means sacrificing own desires.                Hence, materialism destructs man from higher ideals. In the materialist understanding, being poor and/or the reasons why people live poverty were produced by the combination of environmental and personal choice (Patterson, 2002). While this may be true in some instances, materialist are also human who have the right to choose. If they choose not to help, it is their right. Poor people, on the other hand, are left with no choices but to depend on the assistance of the wealthy, by which is another justification why some if not the majority of well-off are not giving. Underprivileged has the tendency to depend on dole-outs instead of working their way out of poverty. The thing is that poor people have the power to overcome poverty while materialists have also the power to overcome materialistic conditions (Phillips, 2007). So, both have the right, power and the choice the only difference is that the latter have the incentives and resources to do while the former has none.              Because possessions create an identity, the desired identity, in the eyes others and self, materialists are increasingly becoming object-oriented. Materials are equated with profile or simply self-enhancement (Flusty, 2004). Acquisition is fundamental to their lives but this aspect situates the materialists in distorted behavior patterns. I say this because they are making themselves believe that some portion of the global populace with be inevitably poor. Such justification is exacerbated by the belief that although poverty may be beyond the control of people yet they are behaving in ways that may perpetuate their poverty (Phillips, 2007). Another thing that may exacerbate this is the belief that poverty reflects the failure in social institutions, which are not created by the wealthy. Since they believe this, they are not obliged to give to these people especially that they will not receive something in return.              From a materialist’s perspective, what we can do is to provide them the chance to live a sustainable life. This means that poor people should be given an access to education and labor because if people and even governments are going to satisfy their short-term needs their long-term needs would be sacrificed (Schmidtz and Goodin, 1998; Phillips, 2007). I am not saying to abandon the provision for basic necessities for them but to prioritise initiatives that will provide them with choices now and in the future. For instance, if we are going to educate them – send a child to school – then we could give that child the possibility of landing in a respectable job in the future. Individual responsibility is indeed a way to ensure that poor people could live in a way that their self-respect could be maintained (Bicknell, 2005; Winfried and Pogge, 2008). Sharing is an altruism that is natural and inherent among people. Altruism in humans is a necessity compared to that of the animals because it is an acceptable fact that human needs to cooperate with others for the purpose of individual growth and development (Moore, 1984). Although the minds of the materialists are clouded by worldly intentions, there are still self-sacrificing behaviors that are evident. Like buying things that could be perceived as a way to keep a business alive, for example (Richins and Dawson, 1992; Murphy and Margolis, 1995). Even materialists could consider behaving altruistically given the chance to do such.       Conclusion             This paper is taken from a subjective perspective; nonetheless, the rule is simple – live simply if you want others to live simply. The problem is that there are many justifications as to stay a materialist. One is needs satisfaction while second is the cycle of poverty which when given, the poor also subjects themselves to more severe conditions or the tendency to remain poor because rich people are giving them the reasons to do so. One clear aspect is that the poor are not asking for it, even though every circumstance is pointing to that direction, the willingness will be much more important. If we want people to be self-reliant we must first strive at communal efforts. To wit, those who are materialistic are not also forced to give or give up something as well but just to live simply as a way to dignify the poor. Living a lavish life in times of poverty is a direct insult to those who do not have the means.   References Bicknell, G. (2005). What YOU Can Do to Make Poverty a Thing of the Past; Every Three Seconds a Child Dies as a Direct Result of Poverty. Daily Post, 27 January. Chatterjee, A., Hunt, J., & Kernan, J. (1995). Materialism as personality: When people are what they have. Unpublished manuscript, Temple University. School of Business and Management. Flusty, S. (2004). De-Coca-Colonization: making the globe from the inside out. Routledge.   Fournier, S. & Richins, M. (1991). Some theoretical and popular notions concerning materialism. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 403-414. Gallaway, T. (2003). The High Price of Materialism (Book Review). Journal of Economic Issues, 37(3): 831-834. Hunt, J. M. (1996). Materialism as Social Cognition: People, Possessions, and Perception. Journal Title: Journal of Consumer Psychology, 5(1): 83-89. Kasser, T. (2002). The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge: MIT Press. Moore, J. (1984). The Evolution of Reciprocal Sharing. Ethnology and Sociobiology, 5: 5-14. Murphy, M. F. & Margolis, M. L. (1995). Science, materialism, and the study of culture. University Press of Florida. Patterson, O. (2002). : Beyond Compassion: Selfish Reasons for Being Unselfish. Daedalus, 131(1): 26-34. Payne, J. L. (1997). The Smart Samaritan. Policy Review, 83, 48-52. Phillips, M. (2007). THE GREAT POVERTY MYTH; the Way We Were. The Daily Mail, 21 July. Richins, M. & Dawson, S. (1992). Materialism as a consumer value: Measure development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 303-316. Schmidtz, D. & Goodin, R. E. (1998). Social welfare and individual responsibility. Cambridge University Press.  Winfried, T. & Pogge, M. (2008). World poverty and human rights: cosmopolitan responsibilities and reforms. Polity Press.

Philosophy Essay on Poverty

Philosophy Essay Introduction One must have to understand the difficult situation poverty creates. Nevertheless, the ro...

Research Proposal on Sanitary Practices in Food Preparation

Sanitary Practices in Food Preparation Introduction In the food preparation in businesses, the food safety procedures are strictly implemented. The sanitary processes in food preparation are check by the health care professionals to ensure that the foods are safe for the consumer consumption. In case that the organization failed to comply or perform the necessary practices, the business will be subjected for closure. Therefore, the sanitary practices among the food establishments are under the surveillance of the officials.  Background and Problem Statement Because of the growing problem in the food sanitation compliance and the low level of understanding in the food safety in the food industry, people as the end consumer suffers. The issue of salmonella can be found in foods that are improperly prepared. The sanitation does not actually revolves in the cleaning the ingredients but also the ways in cooking the food, the environment, and the compliance in sanitation of the person. Because of this concern, are there enough programs such as the “sanitation standard operating procedure” among the food retail businesses?   Research Aim & Objectives The main aim of the study is to recognize the effective program in food safety and sanitation that can be implemented among the food retail industry. In order to satisfy this aim, there are three objectives that should be considered. First is to describe the implemented food safety and/or sanitation procedure of the food retail businesses. Second, is to review the effectiveness of the food safety and sanitation practices. And third, is to describe the impact of the food safety and sanitation in the food retail industry. Significant and Scope of the Study The significance of the study is for the benefit of both retailers/businesses and consumers and lessen the threats that can be found on the foods. The scale of the study is from the top class restaurants, food processors/manufacturers, food retailers, and fast-food industries. Hypotheses The study gathered four hypotheses regarding the issue of food safety and sanitation. <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%"> Keeping the food refrigerated for too long will lessen the spoilage of food.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%"> It is appropriate to mix the same type of food (e.g. vegetables) even if they are bought in different days.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%"> The critical temperature in food preparation is between the 30° to 130° F.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%"> Food-oriented businesses use the holding time to manage and identify the temperature of the food. </li> Literature Review The food safety, handling procedures and sanitations practices are included in the provisions of Health Department of every government. The purpose of the safety and sanitation practices ranges from various reasons but centers in the idea that ensures that all the food being manufactures, processed, or prepared are safe for the final consumers. Most Health Departments promote the safety and sanitation through the use of the modules, videotapes, seminars, and checklist. In the food safety and sanitation practices, it is common to cite the areas of hand washing, hygiene, handling, storing and temperatures, cleaning of the silverwares and tools, and even the appropriate clothing of the employees. However, even if the Department of Health and Sanitation in local areas have the continuous campaign, still there are many food-oriented organizations that fail to comply in their request. Therefore, the sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) can be the effective solution to maintain the compliance of the companies. The principle behind this program is to create a good foundation on the practices of the employees in handling and preparations of food. Through the continuous practice of the standard procedures there is a significant assurance that all proper food sanitation is implemented. In addition, this is a good start for the Health Departments and Organizations to once again, emphasize the strict compliance of the food related companies and for their aim to reduce the problems in food poison and other illness that results in the improper food preparation practices. Research Methodology The suggested method in the study is the use of survey and interview. The design of the method is for the employees and managers of one particular food company who will be the participants. First, the survey will be conducted among the 100 employees of the company and with the use of questionnaires steered by the Likert Scale; the researchers can view the perceptions of the employees as well as their understanding regarding the food safety and sanitation.  Second, the interview will be conducted among the 5 managers/supervisors of the business to gather the idea if the company truly implemented the food safety and sanitation, and the modes of orienting the principles of food sanitation to their employees.  Works Cited: Agency for Health Care Administration, (2004) “Best Practices for Compliance to Food Sanitary Conditions in Florida Skilled Nursing Facilities”, Accessed 28 July 2010, from http://www.fdhc.state.fl.us/MCHQ/Long_Term_Care/LTC/Misc/Best_Practices_Food_Sanitary_Conditions_in_Nursing_Facilities.pdf Michigan Food Law, (2000) “Proper Food Handling, Food Safety, and Sanitation Practices”, Accessed 28 July 2010, from http://www.dining.mtu.edu/docs/food_handling.pdf Powitz, R.W., (2008) “SSOPs for the Retail Food Industry? An Idea Whose Time has come”, The Sanitarian’s File, Accessed 28 July 2010, from http://www.extension.iastate.edu/NR/rdonlyres/9B821C2E-CCD3-4C7B-B96F-53D20D16D703/88132/SSOP_Food_Safety.pdf Tinker, I., (1997) “Street Foods: Urban Food and Employment in Developing Countries”, Oxford University Press Vapnek, J., (2007) “Legislative Implementation of the Food Chain Approach”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 40

Research Proposal on Sanitary Practices in Food Preparation

Sanitary Practices in Food Preparation Introduction In the food preparation in businesses, the food safety procedures are strictly im...

LEARNING/TEACHING THROUGH STORY AND DRAMA ASSESSMENT

Learning English through story and Drama Assessment task Part I General Objectives: After _ days of teacher and student interaction, the students will be able to gain adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good skills in the activities shared over in the classroom in context with the learning module guide. Specific Objectives: Teacher – centered: After 2 hours of teacher – student interaction, the teacher will be able to: <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> establish rapport with the students.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> inform students that the activities they will be having for the next few hours is all about story telling activities such as finding story in a song, story circle, front door: an imaginary journey, chain story and describing a stone.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> ask feedback from the students regarding with the activities presented such as suggestions, comments and reactions (positive or negative).</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> inform the students of the next meeting as to date, time and place.</li> Student – centered: After 2 hours of teacher – student interaction, the student will be able to: <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> establish rapport with the teacher.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> participate in the activities prepared by the teacher.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> provide feedback concerning with the activities presented by the teacher.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> consent with the teacher of the set meeting as to time, date and place.</li> Lesson No 1: Story Telling Activities Activity No. 1: Finding Stories in Songs Find and learn songs which tell a story. Folk ballads to contemporary songs often suggest a larger tale. Listen to records and then have students retell the story in the song in their own words. Or have a "story song" concert. Activity No. 2: Story Circle             One person begins a tale and stops after a few sentences. The next person picks up the story thread and continues it, then stops. Next person adds to it and so on until the tale comes to a resolution. The story could begin with a pre-selected title or subject to guide the improvisation. Try recording the story circle on a tape recorder for later listening. Activity No. 3: Front Door: an Imaginary Journey             Working in pairs consisting of a listener and a speaker, have each set of students imagine that they are standing outside of the speaker's front door. Have the speaker verbally give the attentive listener an imaginary errand to do. The speaker must carefully explain to his or her partner how to go into the house, travel to the bedroom, and, once there, describe where to find a special treasure somewhere in the room. Have the speaker tell the partner a story about why the thing to be retrieved is special and then have speaker verbally explain how to travel back to the front door to bring the special thing out to where the speaker will be waiting.  Points to remember:             This improvisational speech exercise encourages confidence in one's ability to describe a sequence of events. The journey from one's own front door to one's bedroom is well known by the speaker. The speaker may discover in discussing this exercise afterwards, that he or she imagined the house clearly and "saw" more detail than was mentioned. Telling a folktale has a similar process. The teller imagines the landscape of the tale and guides the listeners on a mental journey. Activity No. 4: Chain Sentence             Teams of two students orally construct the first sentence of an invented story. To orally make the sentence, each says one word, trusting their ears to recognize conventional grammar, until a long sentence evolves. Make the first sentence of: <ul type="disc" style="margin-bottom: 0in"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> a ghost story</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> pirate story</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> love story</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> mystery</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> any story, etc. </li> </ul> Additional Instructions: Beginnings: This exercise can be used to generate the first sentence of a Chain Story where each participant adds a section to a tale. Endings: The chain sentence exercise could generate a "last sentence." This sentence is written on a piece of paper and placed in the middle of the story circle. The game is over when the story has woven around to the point where someone can say the "last sentence." Activity No. 5: Describing a Stone             Pass a stone around a circle of students. Each student must say one word describing the stone without repeating what has been said. See how many times the stone can go around the circle without repeating words. Adjectives such as hard, smooth etc. are a start, but any word that comes to mind is acceptable as long as it is inspired by the stone. For example, a smooth, round, white, oval stone could suggest "egg."       Part II             Specific Objectives: Teacher – centered: After 2 hours of teacher – student interaction, the teacher will be able to: 1.      discuss the definition and parts of a story. 2.      help pupils develop an appreciation for a well-told fairy story. 3.      give them practice in reading a story for a later dramatization 4.      help them learn to identify themselves with characters in a story. 5.       entertain comments, suggestions and reactions whether positive or negative from the students. 6.      set with the students the next meeting as to time, date and place. Student – centered: After 2 hours of teacher – student interaction, the student will be able to: 1.      continue establishing rapport with the teacher. 2.      answer the questions asked regarding the said story. 3.      give any feedbacks, comments or suggestions of the discussion. 4.      agree with the set contract with the teacher as to time, date and place. Lesson No. 2: Story 101 Definition: Story is defined as a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events that portrays a life of a character behind the plot. Parts of a story: The three main parts of a story are the CHARACTER, the SETTING, and the PLOT. These three elements work together to hold your reader's interest. CHARACTER: A person, animal or imaginary creature in the story. There are usually one or two main characters. There can be many secondary characters too. The rule here is to make the characters interesting so that they hold your reader's interest. SETTING: This is where your story takes place. The setting is a time - the future, the past, or now. The setting is also the place - on the moon, in Chicago, at the Whitehouse. The setting is an important part of a story. PLOT: The plot of the story tells the actions and events that take place in the story. Your plot should have a beginning, middle and an end. The plot tells the events of your story in a logical order. Below is an example of a story and an activity to help the student to further identify the parts of the story. Below is an example of an old story that is a good one to act out and help the students to further identify the parts of the story. The Princess who could not spin             Once upon a time a prince married a beautiful princess. Now, this princess was good. She could sing well. She knew how to be nice to be nice to people and how to help rule a kingdom. These are the things most princes learn and she had learned them well. However, the prince thought that a princess should do more. He told her that she had to learn to spin. First she hurt her finger. Then, she got the thread knotted. Then the spinning wheel fell over, and, what with one bad thing and another, the poor princess ran out to the garden and began to cry. Suddenly she heard a humming noise. Looking about her, she saw a tiny cottage almost hidden in the trees. She tiptoed to the door and saw three old ladies, spinning, spinning, and spinning. The first old lady had a left thumb as big as her hand. The second lady had a lower lip that hung over her chin. The third lady had a right foot twice as big as her other foot. “We have been looking for you,” said the first old lady.  “Why haven’t u come sooner?” asked the second old lady. The third old lady asked, “Why were you crying?” the princes told her sad story and said, “I shall never learn to spin well, and my prince will be unhappy.” We will spin all the cloth you need,” said the first old lady. “But how shall I pay you?” asked the princess. “We don’t want any money,” said the second old lady. “But we do want just one small promise.” “What is it?” asked the princess. “ I will surely do anything I can.” “Promise that you will invite us to -,” said the first old lady. “Dinner on the first night that -,” said the second old lady. “Your husband comes home-.”Said the third old lady. “And tell him that we are your aunts who have come to teach you to spin,” they all finished together. “Oh, I promise, I promise,” said the princes. On the day the prince came home, the princess had a party. She invited the three old ladies. She had them meet the prince as she had promised. The prince looked at each of the old ladies. He didn’t sat much at first, but soon felt that he had to ask some questions. Turning to the first old lady he asked, “Why is your thumb so large?” The old lady answered, “from pulling thread through my fingers when I spin.” Then the prince turned to the second old lady and asked, “ Why is your lip so long?” “From wetting the thread when I spin,” she replied. The prince asked the third old lady, “Why is your one foot large?” She answered, “from using my foot to make the spinning wheel turn.” The prince looked at his princes and said, “I want you to be always to be beautiful. Promise me you will never spin again.” The princess promised that she wouldn’t spin if he would invite the three old ladies to live in their home and spin for her. They promised to come, and they all lived happily ever after. Suggested Procedure: 1.      Stimulate interest by discussing with the students about the story previously read or listened. Ask questions as: What is the prince asking? Why do you thinks so? Is the princess happy? How can you tell? 2.      Develop the lesson content by having the pupils read the title aloud. Let different pupils read the three paragraphs of the story, part by part, stopping at the end of the first paragraph to discuss such questions as: if you were a beautiful, kind and good princess, would you be happy? At the end of the third paragraph ask: how would you fl if you tried and tried to learn how to do something, and had such bad luck? Complete the oral reading and spontaneous discussion of the rest of the story. 3.      Strengthen understanding be having the pupils tell how the princess became happy. Have them retell the story, putting the events in proper sequence. Be sure they all include all the characters and what they did, the setting and the plot. 4.      More able pupils may draw the three old ladies in costume, to use later for design in the play or dramatization. Part III Specific Objectives: Teacher – centered: After 2 hours of teacher – student interaction, the teacher will be able to: <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> help pupils learn how to dramatize a story previously read.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> help them determine characters and dialog for their play</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> help them divide into parts in right order for the play.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> assist students with any clarifications in the context of preparations for the play.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> inform students that this will be the last activity of the said module.</li>   Student – centered: After 2 hours of teacher – student interaction, the student will be able to: 1. act out  the story, the princess who could not spin. 2. determine the main parts of the story, (each main parts can be part one of the play). 3. divide among themselves on who’s going to play the part of the Narrator, Princess, Prince and the three old ladies. 4. prepare the themselves and perform the play simultaneously. 5. agreed to terminate the said contract. Lesson No. 3: Drama or Acting out a Story Drama: is a form of literature, usually consisting chiefly of dialog between characters, and usually intended for performance or dramatic production, rather than reading. Introduction:       Boys and girls find it fun to make a play from a story. They like to make believe they are people in the story. You may call these story people as characters (char ac ters). To play a part well, you must feel that you know how the character in the story looked, how he felt, and what he said. Suggested Procedure: 1. Stimulate interest by having pupils tells about they have enjoyed play-acting. Tell them that the story they have just read would also make a good day. 2. Develop the lesson content by having the pupils read out aloud the story. Help them pronounce the word characters, and understand its meaning. Encourage pupils to read aloud dialog from the story. Discuss the main happenings in the story, and lead the pupils to see why these must be acted out in order. 3. Helps for acting out a part, discuss the following: ·  Forget yourself and really try to be the person in the story. ·  Talk and act as the story character would. ·  Speak clearly and loudly enough for all to hear. ·  Turn at least partly toward the people who will be watching whenever you speak. 4. Practice talking and listening: ·  Tell how you think each person felt and looked in each part of the play and what each one might say. ·  Take turns acting out the parts of different actors. ·  Choose pupils to act the whole play. Watch as they give it. Then tell what was well done and what could have been done better. Reference:

LEARNING/TEACHING THROUGH STORY AND DRAMA ASSESSMENT

Learning English through story and Drama Assessment task Part I General Objectives: After _ days of teacher and student interaction, t...

Research appraisal

Q.1 Goodacre et al’s article is an example of a secondary research while that of Ferrera et al’s research combines primary and secondary researching.  The researchers draw conclusions based on the findings of previous researches in various journals about deep vein thrombosis from 1981 to 2005 and conducts sensitivity and specificity analyses. As well, the researchers followed a structured process of identifying cohort studies, searching databases and screening bibliographies and invited independent reviewers in order to avoid observation error. Statistical analysis of the screened studies was conducted. On the other hand, Ferrera et al conducts a survey of a patient and thematic content analysis of the reviewed literatures. Surveys are the most common form of research method for collection of primary data which purports on describing a particular issue. The first article ranks on the systematic reviews and meta-analyses while the second on case reports. Evidently, the fist article conducts the study based on definitive methodology with criterion as the basis and the researchers presented a concise documentation on the p-value analysis. Although the first article has cohort studies, we cannot consider it as a legitimate cohort study because cohorts recruited are limited with prevalent DVT. Thereby, the sample size is limited and the findings are subjected to personal bias where the conflict of interest is evident on the subjectivity of the researchers. Greenhalgh maintains that cohort studies begun on subjects who may or may not develop disease. The second has an inherent practical difficulty in recruiting subjects. The second article is tricky because it can be a case series as it features 90 cases of cervical pregnancy treated with local therapy and also a case report because it describes a particular event. As such, the article describes more than one case, though the researchers draw from a single case. Greenhalgh asserts that “case reports are often run together to form a case series, in which the medical histories of more than one patient with a particular condition are described to illustrate an aspect of the condition, the treatment, or, most commonly these days, adverse reaction to treatment.” Based on this assertion, we will classify Ferrera et al’s research as case report in the hierarchy of evidence. Further, instead of literature review, Ferrera et al should categorise the secondary research as meta-analysis because of the fact that they rendered a quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis refers to the method of synthesizing data of more than a single study for the purpose of producing summary statistic.   Q.2 The article about the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis has a higher clinical significance compared to that of consecutive cervical pregnancy with transvaginal local approach. Today, improving ways on how to image leg veins in order to reveal blood clot and the extent of the thrombosis is an important undertaking. Such situation only manifests that ultrasonography could still be developed in order to provide more accurate diagnosis for the purpose of distinguishing required therapy. The implication is that when there are no clear diagnoses of DVT, there will be no accurate therapies for the patient. DVT occurs in 1 per 1000 persons annually and about 1 to 5% of the total population affected by DVT will die because of complications. Medical ultrasonography is used to visualize muscles and internal organs as well as their size, structures and possible pathologies. The diagnostic and therapeutic importance of accurate ultrasonography could facilitate interventional procedures. What makes ultrasonography as an acceptable process in medicine lies on its useful delineation between solid and liquid spaces and there are no side effects in implementation. Nonetheless, the diagnostic accuracy is also dependent on the utilized technique: proximal versus optimal whereby it can produce inaccurate diagnosis. Considerably, ultrasonography would experience difficulty in penetrating bone structures and so it cannot provide for accurate probability and accurate configuration of the DVT. The limited depth of penetration will be a problem then. The implication on practice is when ultrasonography could not provide accurate diagnosis of DVT, then support diagnosis must be conducted. If possible, for ultrasonography to better perform in aspect of accuracy in diagnosis, the implication is on developing the machine and educating those who will be using it especially that ultrasonography is highly operator-dependent. The validity of the paper is on considering that results could vary between homogenous and heterogeneous population. The relevance on practice will be about the prognosis and causation wherein longitudinal cohort study and/or the effects of inaccurate DVT diagnosis must be given priority with emphasis on vigilance in interpreting results.   Reference   Ferrera, L, Gandhi, M, Jacobs, A and Rebarber, A 2007, Successful Management of a Consecutive Cervical Pregnancy by Sonographically Guided Transvaginal Local Injection, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, vol. 26, pp. 959-965.     Goodacre, S, Sampson, F, Thomas, S, van Beek, E and Sutton, A 2005, Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis, BMC Medical Imaging, vol. 5, no. 6.   Greenhalgh, T 1997, How to read a paper: getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about), BMJ, vol. 315, pp. 243-246.

Research appraisal

Q.1 Goodacre et al’s article is an example of a secondary research while that of Ferrera et al’s research combines primary and secondary ...

Swiss Watch Manufacturers Sample Research Paper

Swatch Watch U.S.A.   1. Swatch is a unique success story. Why has the company been so successful? Was it important that the Swiss watch industry recapture the lower end of the market? Why? Why not?             Swatch watch was originally intended to re-capture entry level market share lost by Swiss manufacturers during the aggressive growth of Japanese companies such as Seiko in the 1960s and 1970s, and to re-popularize analog watches at the time when digital watches had achieved wide popularity. The launch of the new Swatch brand in 1983 was marked by bold new styling and design. The quartz watch was redesign for manufacturing efficiency and fewer parts. This combination of marketing and manufacturing expertise restored Switzerland as the major player in the world wristwatch market (The Swatch Group. Available at [http://www.swatchgroup.com/company/present.php]. Access [27/08/07]).             The two primary reason of the success of Swatch is the perfect marketing strategy of the company and the quality and the design of each and every watch they are launching. The company has different variety of watch for different age of their target customer. And because of the quality of the product, Swatch watch is no longer just a simple everyday watch but one of the hot collectible items in the world. They also make sure that they have series of watches for every season, every special occasion and every event in the world.             The design of the watch is also remarkable, because of the talented designer the company hired. A customer can choose from a variety of designs that fits his/ her moods and even culture. That is the reason why Swatch watch is not only popular in the United State but in the whole world. The artists are making sure that every design of every series will meet the expectation of the customer.             Fine watches are more than great accessories: They are investments that can become heirlooms. As one watch manufacturer’s advertising slogan states, you never actually own it; “you merely look after it for the next generation.” That’s why after-sale servicing of the timepieces is critical to its longevity (2003). That is the reason why those first edition and series of Swatch watches are now worthy and rare.              Before, Swatches are available in every store and available in affordable price, but now, it is the opposite. This is due to more than one factor including the artistic design of the Swatch watches like new innovations, marketing strategies and strategic distributions system set up by Swatch Inc. Swatch capitalized on the idea of product line extensions and variations like no other company has. Swatch, Inc. knew that in order to keep its interest up beyond the 80s craze it had to make some changes (Cornell University. Available at [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hist100.96/weld project/HeatherLynn.html]. Accessed [27/08/07]).             It was important that the Swiss watch industry recaptured the lower end of the market. By doing this, sales and the industry of the Swiss watch will not die and it will still be visible and available in different store, and ordinary people with the average income can still experience and use the quality and fashion of Swiss watch, but if we are going to talk about Swatch recapturing the lower end of the market that will be a far cry from now.             2. Do you see any parallels between the decline of the Swiss watch industry and other Western industries?             Asia is becoming active in manufacturing and export of their products. China that is now involved in the global market and it is beginning to establish and create the image as the World’s manufacturer. Technology is also part of the expertise of Asia; Japan is now one of the most advance countries in terms of machines and different infrastructures. Most of the products of China are now available in different part of the globe in a very low price almost half of the price of products from other country but the quality is another topic.             Example of this is the decline of shoe industry in America in 1992. This is because of the North American Free Trade Area; Mexico can offer a cheaper shoe ware. Because of this the production of shoes in America decline about 2 percent from 182 million pairs a year. Slippers declined by 4 percent to 32.6 million pairs; men’s footwear by 3 percent to 42.2 million pairs; and women’s footwear by 3 percent to 59.8 million pairs (Byron, 1992). Because of the low-cost shoe wear from Mexico, the shoe industry of America decline on 1992. This is just like the current situation of the Philippines, because of cheap shoes from Korea and China, the shoe industry is starting to decline. Most of the time, the consequence of low-cost product is low-quality, because most of the raw material use is        low-quality. Other examples are the textile and clothing industry, and if not because of the use of technology and marketing strategy, these two industries will never recover.     3. Evaluate the cultural dimension of the Swatch story, taking into account such practices as the willingness taking into account such practices as the willingness to bring in people from other industries, to delegate authority to younger executives, and to employ new media such as rock concerts and music videos.             Swatch is also connected to events that will convince the people specially the youth to be in sport as well as to promote the culture of a certain place and the people in that place. Great example of this is the connection of Swatch to Olympics. Swatch was the official timekeeper of Olympics 1996, 2000 and 20004. Swatch is also launching new designs of swatch watch every Olympics. This will not only promote the world event, but also promote the culture and the history of the Olympics. This will also show the unity of the world and how the world gathers to promote sport in the world.             Swatch is also into entertainment and music, in partnership with MTV, they are giving different contest like the latest one which is the MTV’s best shows ever; this is a contest for the MTV viewers that will measure the creativity and sense of humor of the viewer to create the craziest and wackiest ping-pong obstacle. The winner will receive a brand new kaleidoscopic Swatch Puzzle Motion watch (Swatch. Available at [http://api.swatch.com/files/local/pdf/19.pdf]. Accessed [27/08/07]). This will not only help the MTV channel to gain more viewer but also help the viewer to see the lighter side of life, by joining in a somewhat useless contest but enjoying it and using their talent on it.             Another is the Swatch FIB 2007 World Championship, in partnership with the International Volleyball Federation. Through this project, Swatch supports the growth of public and media interest in media beach volleyball, appreciated worldwide as one of the most rapidly developing summer sports (FIB. Available at http://www.e.beachwm07.ch/page/content/index.asp?MenuID=84&ID=158&Menu=3&Item=15]. Accessed [27/08/07]).             Swatch is also doing alternatives Olympics featuring crazy and unique entertaining sports events against the clock that will take place in three Asian cities at busy citadels (Brand noise. Available at [http://brandnoise.typepad.com/brand noise/2007/04/swacth_and_mtv_.html]. Accessed [24/08/07]).             With the help of Swatch to other organization in improving their technological capability, Swatch helps each organization to improve the performance of that organization to do better about the activity or objective and to meet their goal in serving the world. 4. Swatch created a new market – can they continue to expand the market? What must they do to defend their position to the market?             Swatch was the savior of the Swiss swatch industry and the most successful wristwatch of all time. It had survived from a very difficult economic problem and become the pioneer of the Swiss watch industry in the world again. From 1983, it’s already 24 years of existence, and the fact that the company is still here, the Swatch watches are still in the collection items of the collectors and still in the wrist of other users, then Swatch will continue to grow and expand.             Swatch has diversified its offerings from one kind of watch; it now sells more than a dozen different types of watches, including the Irony series that features metal-bodied watches; the Scuba series that features diving watches; and the Skin family, thin and flat bodied watches. The company even offer an Internet-connected watch that can download stock quotes, news headlines, weather reports and other data, this is belong to the Paparazzi series (Swatch. Available at [http://api.swatch.com/files/local/pdf/19.pdf]. Accessed [27/08/07]). In addition to that, Swatch is now offering Flick-Flak for children and diamond-decorated Swatches for grown-ups.             Swatch must continue their performance and work. They must continue to surprise the customer to maintain the excitement factor that will caught the attention of the customer. The company must continue to research about their target market and must use new and latest technology that will fit the taste, the needs and wants, the climate and other geographical factor of the target customer. They must maintain the quality of the timepieces where they were known before up to now.             The company must continue on what they have started and continue to maintain the study of change and the factor that will affect the taste and needs of their target customer.     5. What do you think of Swatch’s chances for success as a total fashion enterprise? Do you agree with the management’s extension of the swatch brand name to other products? Why? Why not?             The plan of the Swatch to become a total fashion enterprise is a 50/50 situation. Because swatch was known as a Swiss swatch company for a very long time, it will be hard for the customer to adopt the idea that Swatch is now a total fashion enterprise. There will be questions that will ask if the quality of the new line of products are as good as the watches, because the people was used to the thinking that Swatch is for Swiss watches only. And the competition of the product that they want to plunge to is close, because there are already lots of names that are well known in the sports wear clothes and eyewear. It will be hard to compete with these giant names in that product such as the Adidas.               I agree with the management’s extension of swatch brand because it will only mean that the company is expanding and they are doing this for the satisfaction of their customer. This will also mean improvement to the part of the company and it will add asset and money in-flow to the company.             This management’s extension will also help the company to advertise their timepieces using their planned extension product such as notebooks, pen, eyewear and other sports wear. It will also add publicity because product like this will not cost much, this will serve as a vital leaflet.             Business is a matter of experimenting and learning, the company will never know if this will click if they will not try it. And all of the successful business has all started in slow sales and then bloom. The same way as, it will surely hit the financial status of the company if the extension will be flop, but at least there is always a lesson learned. The company may apply what they have learned in that mistake and apply it for their future decision making and future plan.    6. Swatch is a classic example of marketing success through creativity. What lessons can be learned from their experience?             The first lesson that other company can be learned from the example of the Swatch is the quality of the product. The quality of the product is always the main reason of the customers in buying what they need and what they want. That is the basis why most of them are looking and buying their goods and product from a known and trusted name in industry. Just like Swatch that build a quality impression to customers and up to now, their customers are expecting for quality timepieces. Another reason is that the company uses a well planned marketing strategy by grouping well their target market and giving each group different approach. The company also hired talented artist to design their product in accordance to the wants and needs of the target market, also all the designs are up to date and will surely catch the attention of the customers, making it not only a collectible expensive watches but also watches that will match the mood of the customer and the mood of the world. No wonder that it became a fashion hit during 80s up until now. Another is the use of modern technology and art in one. Just like the Internet watch that will be connected to the Internet to get important data like the weather as well as the internet time. This will not only catch the attention of the previous Swatch users but also those computer and Internet enthusiast and technology thirsty individual.             The continues change and launching of different product is also one of the most important activity of a company, this is to ensure that the customer is still seeing something new that will urge them to continue to support the products.             The advertisement is also one of the factors of success of the Swatch. According to Charles Glenn of Orion Pictures, “it is the thing you look for, ache for.”  Advertisement serves as an attention caller of the product. This will help the company to show and introduce the product to the target market. By the use of colorful and animated advertisement of Swatch, it became successful.

Swiss Watch Manufacturers Sample Research Paper

Swatch Watch U.S.A. 1. Swatch is a unique success story. Why has the company been so successful? Was it important that the Swiss wat...

IT in Organizations

Technologies that Impact on Organizations Overview In order to function well, each organization must be able to effectively manage their human capital with respect to the emergence of information technologies. Human capital is well-recognized as the most important asset of any organization (Elkin, & Sharma, 2007). However, due to some internal and external factors, organizations are not able to achieve their organizational objectives and mission.The challenge of every business, in whatever context it operate, is to effectively manage resources such as labour, financial, information, raw materials and so on. Companies must be able to acquire and carry the fundamentals of business management and its dimensions including Human Resource Management (HRM) into action. In every business particularly its HRM sector, the information technology plays significant roles. One of the roles of technology in HRM was its effectiveness in communication.   Discussion It is said that the philosophy of human resource management is based on the simple belief that human resources are the most important asset in achieving and sustained business success (Evans, Pucik, & Barsoux, 2002). This realisation became the driving force behind the creation of human resource management resulting in organisations taking a strategic approach to the management of their people.     The true worth of human resource management is becoming more widely understood as human resource management steadily interweaves all aspects of people management and development within the company (Cross, 2000).   At the turn of the century, human resources managers will have to face new challenges (Kanungo, 2006). The economy and markets are different from those of a decade ago. As paradigms have changed, the characteristics affecting human resources management must also be revised such as organisational structure and functions in order to keep up to pace with relevance, latest trends and strategies (Kanungo, 2006). While every organisation seems to invest in technology, there are other aspects that should be considered in attaining a holistic performance of their respective organisation (Kanungo, 2006). One aspect that needs as much, if not more attention and investment than technology is human capital management. An organisation’s human capital management philosophy must value the workforce as a key asset that will define an organisation’s character and performance capacity (Sims, 2002).  “In fact, human capital is a critical factor that would either lead the organisation to success or to failure,” as stated by Sims, (2002). In every business, people must be recognised as important assets of the organisation and fuels of productivity. A more appropriate HRM strategy is bounded on the recognition of the benefits of diversity. It is suggested that in order to respond on local HR concerns of subsidiaries, organisations should integrate the idea of diversity on its current HR policies and practices in accordance to the use of technology (Peltonen, 2006). In a diverse business setting, the customs, beliefs, and practices where the organisation has set up its business, are significant contributory factors in the development of a stronger corporate culture. With respect to information technology, there are many ways in which businesses can communicate and promote diversity to a level of advantage within the company’s subsidiaries Peltonen, 2006). These are also among the practical justifications of the benefits of suggesting diversity as the enhancing factor of the present HRM strategy. In general, information technology in HRM must serve as the common denominator in understanding employee relations across geographic and cultural borders. Relativity in HR policies and practices and diversity and multiculturalism must be understood by all HR Managers particularly those who works outside the boundaries of the mother company. When this happens, the ability of the organisation to perform very well in the industry and niche market it belongs is progressive in pattern. The employers, in their goal to improve and develop aggressive and competitive business organization, may exhaust the potential of their human resources for the benefit of the company relative to total work output by enhancing their respective information technology. This will also promote the positive working relationship and good communication channeling among the personnel in the establishment whether between the supervisor and the subordinates or employee to peers and colleagues. The employees, on the other hand, should avail of the opportunities of developing their skills further and enriching their knowledge through the training programs and exercises that their company invests on. This will ensure their competitiveness in the fast-paced and ever-changing description and scope of their work and may also sustain their personal desire of improving themselves as productive individuals. Minimum stress level could also be expected in the workplace atmosphere. In the evident advantages of information technology on the side of both the employers and employees, it is apparent that the business organization as a whole will in general gain from utilizing the said training and bonding practices. The smooth working business operations and transactions inside the company that resulted from the availed information technology in HRM will guarantee that the higher productivity level of the organization in general.   References: Cross, E (2000) Managing Diversity-The Courage to Lead, Quorum Books, Westpoint, CT Elkin, G and Sharma, R (2007) ‘People, organisations and management: lessons for the industrialised world from the rest of the world’, Global Business and Economics Review, 9: 4, 395-416 Evans, P, Pucik, V, and Barsoux, JL (2002) The Global Challenge. Frameworks for International Human Resource Management, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York Kanungo, RP (2006) ‘Cross culture and business practice: are they coterminous or cross-verging?’ Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 13: 1, 23-31 Peltonen, T (2006) ‘Critical theoretical perspectives on international human resource management’ in Stahl, G. K. and Björkman, I. (eds), Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 523–535 Sims, RR (2002) Organizational Success through Effective Human Resources Management, Quorum Books, Westport, CT

IT in Organizations

Technologies that Impact on Organizations Overview In order to function well, each organization must be able to effectively manage thei...

Sample Curriculum Vitae- Executive Marketing

Susan Chandler 1357 Eglinton Avenue, East Windsor, NJ 08523    •    (609) 555-5555    •    susan.chandler@yahoo.com PERSONAL PROFILE A solution oriented marketing professional with a proven track record in the development and implementation of strategic marketing plans, including new product development, channel & market management, partner program development, advertising, promotion, and PR activities in national organizations.  PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Senior Manager, Partner Marketing & Development Alpha Communications Inc.                                                                                                                 Current This newly created position is responsible for new business development and growth of existing partner base for the Alliance Partner channel.  The group’s mission is to develop long term strategic partnerships with targeted clients to help reduce acquisition costs, improve customer retention and add incremental value to the end user. §         Developed new partnerships in various industries: financial, retail, utility, associations, charity and on-line marketing relationships representing 100,000 new customers with $50+ million dollar revenue impact.  §         Clients managed included Capital Bank, Federal Bank, MBBA Corporation (fidelity card program), Super Drug Mart (fidelity card program), Habitat For Living, DDD Security and several other organizations and associations §         Established new partner Process & Procedures from evaluation criteria through customer life cycle management §         Maximized account development opportunities to build partner base and expand programs where possible through acquisition and retention initiatives, including web, radio, etc., resulting in 20% increase in sales over prior year §         Responsible for developing annual Marketing Plan and $7 million budget management Senior Marketing Manager Alpha Communications Inc.                                                                                                        2000 – 2002 Responsible for strategic development, recommendation and execution of acquisition plans for Consumer and Small Business segments to meet corporate objectives.  Mandate is to provide strategic direction for the business unit through segment, channel, and product management initiatives and communicate value proposition to customers through appropriate vehicles.  §         Launched Small Business segment programs through current customer evaluation and market research and designed product and service portfolio to meet their needs.  Increased sales conversion rates by 30% in 6 months through strategic marketing programs.  §         Directed segmentation research based on target objectives and developed communication plan that dramatically improved advertising efficiencies, resulting in 30% increase in response rates and 15% incremental revenue §         Executed new local service expansion model with forecasting, ROI assessment, marketing plan, sales integration working with cross-functional areas from Network/IT, Marketing & Sales, Product Development – launched 30+ new service centres expanding addressable market by 800,000 homes within 6 months §         Initiated strategic review of Internet portfolio that resulted in new pricing, branding and communication strategy increasing take rates by 20%. Product Marketing Manager Alpha Communications Inc.                                                                                                        1999 – 2000 §         Spearheaded two new major product initiatives through all stages of product life cycle – from evaluating market opportunity, concept & business case development, preparing pricing and packaging recommendation, marketing plan and contract negotiations with vendors §         Responsible for integration of new products within existing portfolio, development of marketing material and support, and establishing sales targets accounting for over $7 million of new revenue §         Directed cross-functional teams from product definition through to launch with focus on insuring product integrity and timely market delivery §         Created product roadmap to plan for product enhancements, allow integration with cross-functional teams, and facilitate the prioritization of requirements to meet customer needs and achieve sales targets Marketing Manager, Alliance Programs Alpha Communications Inc.                                                                                                          1998 - 1999 §         Planned and administrated the development and integration of new Alliance Channel within mass marketing & sales organization §         Directed migration plan for existing relationships with 20 Alliance programs, including 3 major Private Branded programs, with over 60,000 customers and $20 million in annual revenues (previously with another Telecom company) §         Established strategic partner plan with Alliance managers to acquire several new customers §         Created marketing programs to support new product introductions, special programs & offers, and awareness initiatives resulting in 10% channel growth in 12 months Senior Account Supervisor Van Winkle Advertising, Long Island, NY                                                                                     1996-1997 This position was responsible for all functions of the advertising agency/client relationship.  Included strategic marketing plans & budgeting, creative development & execution, promotional tactics, market research programs and overall brand management role. §         Worked with wireless telecommunications client to develop new brand strategy & implement recommended initiatives, developed quarterly retail promotions including dealer distribution, trades show programs, market research and evaluation, focus group testing, and production of all collateral and sales literature.  Created client’s most successful advertising campaign, resulting in 10% increase in brand awareness and 20% increase in sales over previous year §         Managed the development & execution of advertising and public relations program for market introduction of high-tech data communications client.  This included market research, sales literature, print ads, trade shows, direct mail program, sponsorships, speaker’s bureau, and website development §         Liaison for outside agencies and suppliers to execute mass electronic, outdoor and print media plans, implement public relations initiatives, facilitate direct mail campaigns, web site development and design P.O.P. material & displays §         Directed a team of Account Executives/Coordinators and oversaw daily development of Production and Creative teams Marketing Manager DDD Security Systems                                                                                                                      1993-1996 Reporting to the President, this position was responsible for the development and implementation of all consumer marketing programs including advertising, sales promotion, market research, public relations, trade shows, communications and budget planning.  This position had added responsibility for supervision of national telemarketing team and five Marketing staff. §         Directed most effective advertising campaign producing record sales, resulting in 38% increase over 6 week period §         Evaluated existing media vehicles and recommended an effective combination that produced the highest sales closing rates and improved lead generation results by 24%.  Elevated brand awareness by 19% over a twelve month period with minor incremental budget §         Created and executed successful Small Business direct mail program with a 10% response rate and designed database to collect significant information for follow-up and future programs §         Produced up-sell direct mail campaign to existing base that resulted in incremental sales of $500,000 during a two month campaign, accounting for a 29% increase over previous year §         Developed cross-promotional programs with national Alliance partners and developed a database to evaluate program effectiveness.  Programs included press conferences and program launches across USA. Assistant Marketing Manager DDD Security Systems                                                                                                                     1990-1993 §         Created new residential report from consolidation of several existing reports to track marketing program effectiveness, including sales, leads, cost per lead/sale, sales rep performance.  This report resulted in 50% decrease in administrative time and became the main reference for this information §         Identified requirement for on-line lead tracking system and spearheaded a team with members from Management and Sales departments to develop and standardize lead tracking system.  Reduced sales processing time by 40% §         Organized quarterly trade shows, public relations activities, managed advertising and public relations agencies, monitored program results and recommended future participation §         Coordinated and monitored market research initiatives and recommended development of future marketing programs Marketing Coordinator Diamond Business Services                                                                                                           1988-1990 Reporting to the President/Owner, this position was instrumental in the development and implementation of all marketing initiatives for business services company providing computer accounting, word-processing, and other office services to Small Businesses. §         Designed and implemented monthly direct mail campaigns, advertising and promotional programs §         Established and evaluated outbound telemarketing program and cold calling scripts and tracking §         Performed on-site client demonstrations and training sessions and incorporated feedback into program development EDUCATION & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT  Bachelor of Admin Studies (B.A.S.), Marketing Major, 1992, New York University Professional Improvement Courses: Strategic Thinking, Brand Revival, Coaching & Delegating, New Product Management, Product Marketing, Finance for Non-Financial Managers, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, Women of Influence conferences, Media Trained. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Member, North American Marketing Association, since 1996 Board of Directors, Crime Stoppers, New Jersey, 1993-1996 (REFERENCE:*You may read more of this resume at <http://www.applied-english.com/resdocuments/Susan_Chandler_AE.doc>)

Sample Curriculum Vitae- Executive Marketing

Susan Chandler 1357 Eglinton Avenue, East Windsor, NJ 08523 • (609) 555-5555 • susan.chandler@yahoo.com PERS...