Research Korner

Speech: What Would I Do If I Had A Million Dollars?

What Would I Do If I Had A Million Dollars? What would you do if you had a million dollars? Well, that is a serious question that often took as a funny strategy to measure the cunning personality of an individual.  But have you ever imagine the truth behind the question, in what if it is truly asked to you with the money in hand. Will you recognize the million possibilities that can happen if you acquired such wealth and establish a purpose in spending as much as you want? But see to it that the definiteness of purpose is the starting point to change your life. It should also be accompanied with a burning desire to translate the purpose into its material equivalent.              Carrying out the plans in raising money is definitely much harder than carrying out a plan to spend it. Imagine, think of the many things that you can buy out of the money you accumulated from the past years and just a blink of an eye and there you go, making a calculations on how much money you spent and how much money is left.              In the beginning of the wealthy life, a person should also commit himself in doing ways on how to gather the rich he wants. There are many rooms of thinking in ways of raising money and drawing a futuristic expenditure. But these plans will stay as they are if the person only spends his time in thinking and dreaming for the possibilities. There’s no point in thinking if the body doesn’t work for it to grab that chance, which is according to Hill in his book about Think and Grow Rich.             According to the universal law of nature, the riches that a person want should pass into series of stages and must be retain until the time the person is ready to accept it. Grabbing the riches is a result of hard work. Hill (n.d.) pointed out that riches comes if they are meant to come, it is in a way to answer demands, based upon the application of definite principles, and not just by chance or luck.    Let’s say that the million dollars are already displayed in your hands. The plans that are not in your mind before getting the fortune abruptly appeared. It comes through many choices like organizing a great institution that supports the education, where young people would learn and develop different practical things. Some individuals would think of the other things like buying a new house or a town house if you want to have some escape in the city, a new car; and if you’re generous, you can buy three cars where you can share it to the other members of the family. There were other things to be considered such as buying expensive clothes, shoes, endless partying with friends or even taking a big leap like taking an investment in a fruitful business. It is good because an investment is another form of saving process and gaining profit in some time. But it is not advisable to spend much or even hit the button for retirement. An early call for retirement is not a good idea at all, even in the fantastic moment of having the accumulated wealth which is according to Healy as she tries to live a dream in having a million dollars.               The decisions made by any individuals only visualize the desire that he made before and most of them are practices the negative means of creating financial well-being. The pursuit of money sometimes leads to evil, and therefore the money is evil itself.             And how about accepting the idea of charitable institution, where the other portion of the wealth is given and supporting an organization that leads in helping the unfortunate ones. The joy that the wealth brings is not permanent and will not stay there in your side. The philosophy of giving is another way of giving gifts on yourself much more of healing and helping others.             Renewing thyself is like renewing the whole world in opening different possibilities applicable in touching others life. Those people who have learned their purpose and perspective that their own personal success is necessary to carry out a success in helping the others. It can be in a form of giving fund to different institutions much more of charitable organizations that were built to fund a positive and harmless home and education. A charity is an act of giving whether in form of money, goods or time and charitable institutions are a perfect medium for the charity that were established in a religious act or duty. It is much more of giving alms or donating goods for the victims of calamities. The name stems from the most obvious expression of the virtue of charity is giving the objects of it the means they need to survive. Charities main concerns are the poor, particularly widows and orphans, and the sick and disabled, are generally regarded as the proper objects of charity.  Charities can be organized in a number of different ways and includes the relief of financial hardship, advancement of education, and introducing the essence and importance of religion. Organizing a charity has to obey certain rules and regulations with a good finance and management. And the most important is that the charities are separate from any political agenda, political objectives, and political sense.             The Islands of Hope is a charitable institution that invites everybody to fund their resources to start the charitable purpose. The institution is not a profit-making organization that only set to the benevolence or generosity towards humanity.  It is an organization of the volunteers that aiming for the social and philanthropic purposes.             The spirit of the charitable organizations like the Islands of Hope is trying to prevent or making a relief of poverty, saving lives, advancement of citizenship and community development, promoting arts, culture, or science, environmental protection or improvement, animal welfare, especially concerned with the youth. The funds can be used to motivate and help others. While it is clear that financial success is not the root of healing or spiritual success, it is also clear that a modern healer living in modern times, must have at least a sound financial basis to reach as many individuals as possible. If you desire change, begin living as if you were a millionaire. Ask yourself the question, "If I had a million dollars, what would I do?" And, begin planning for and doing those things. And for those who truly wish to develop the type of thinking that helps individuals create actual wealth, begin today creating a new belief system and you just might find that new financial success comes to you. Works Cited: Healy, S., (n.d.) Your Intuitive Dreams: What I Would Do If I Had a Million Dollars. Accessed September 10, 2009, from http://www.mjva.ca/thevavoice/small-biz-spot/if-you-had-a-million-dollars/. Hill, N., (n.d.) What Would I Do If I Had A Million Dollars. Accessed September 10, 2009, from http://www.psitek.net/pages/PsiTekTAGR16.html. Kappa, D., (2006) If I Had A Million Dollars (I Would Not Invest In A POD Empire). Accessed September 10, 2009, from http://nonemaysay.blogspot.com/2006/12/if-i-had-million-dollars-i-would-not.html. Other Source: What Would I Do If I Had A Million Dollars. Accessed September 10, 2009, from http://www.susunweed.com/herbal_ezine/June04/intuitive.htm.

Speech: What Would I Do If I Had A Million Dollars?

What Would I Do If I Had A Million Dollars? What would you do if you had a million dollars? Well, that is a serious question that ofte...

THE IMPACTS OF FORMING A CUSTOMS UNION ON THE IMPORTING COUNTRY AND THE EXPORTING COUNTRY

THE IMPACTS OF FORMING A CUSTOMS UNION ON THE IMPORTING COUNTRY AND THE EXPORTING COUNTRY                     The onset of globalization enables the world to become a borderless community marked by free trade, economic convergence, global consumers and unrestricted flow of human expertise and technology across all points of the globe. Globalization requires nations to lessen the rigidity of their national trade policies in order to easily form alliances with other states and become more receptive to international investment. Convergence of national economies is inherent in the process of globalization and the ability of every nation-state to participate in this convergence is greatly appreciated. One significant issue in international trade is the presence of customs requirements and tariff.  (1996) states that customs requirements and imposition of tariff basically connote expenses and delay for entrance of goods of the exporting country to the importing country. Thus, customs requirements are seen as an impediment to global trade, as exporters are forced to comply with multiple import procedures ().             A strategy for smoothing trade relations and encouraging global trade by abolishing tariffs and other restrictions is through a customs union (2006). A customs union is an alliance of two or more trading countries characterized by a common tariff for non-members and absence of tariff for member-countries. Participating nations in a customs union deliberately establish a single external trade policy applicable to the entire membership. Customs union is said to answer the purposes of enhancing economic efficiency and setting up stronger political and cultural relations among the participating nations ( 2007). The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (2007) cites that a customs union has five major elements: (1) duty-free and quota-free trade among the territories of the member-countries; (2) a shared description and classification of tradable products and goods; (3) a common valuations procedure for tradable goods; (4) a common level of protection and trade policy relative to imports from territories outside the jurisdiction of the customs union; and (5) a common administrative structure governing customs operations, trade policy, and revenue collection. One example of a customs union is the European Union-Turkey Customs Union set up in December 31, 1995 as a collateral process of ensuring the full membership of Turkey in the European Union. This customs union enables freer flow and sharing of goods and products between the two territories without any customs restrictions governing the process (2007).                    The formation of a customs union has both advantages and disadvantages. Talking about the short-term impacts of a customs union, it is said that a customs union renders notable effects in production structures, initial tariffs, trade diversion and transaction costs. First, a customs union makes production structures between countries more competitive. Every country in the world has their own goods to offer which either benefit another country or pose competition to it. Countries in the world exist in a competitive trade environment. Considering this situation, a customs union makes specialisation possible for its member-countries. Each country will be encouraged to produce the best and least costly goods that they can deliver which will make competition become more interesting and spontaneous. Secondly, a customs union dictates the level of the tariffs. If members impose high initial tariffs, inefficiencies will worsen and welfare effects from the elimination of the tariffs will be more remarkable. Furthermore, imposition of high tariffs against other world producers will decrease the advantageous impacts of a customs union. Thirdly, if a customs union has a large membership base, the threats of trade diversion and transaction costs would be lower. As more countries decide to participate in the customs union, the share of these countries in the overall international trade would be greater and the threat of trade diversion would be lesser. A customs union implements a protective tariff on world imports while partner countries are tariff free. Thus, the possibility of trade diversion is greater. Trade diversion happens when a more efficient world producer takes over a less efficient partner country producer. If the customs union is able to encourage more countries to join the union, the risk of trade diversion is lowered as diversity of member-countries become possible and the union is ensured of a wide array of technologies and effective production strategies from each country (2006). Corollary to the discussion of membership in a customs union,  (1988) points out that it is important for a customs union to include the lowest cost producers in the union membership to guarantee benefits for all member-countries. For instance, if France, the United Kingdom and Germany form a customs union without including the lowest cost producer of cars, any one of these countries has the tendency to look for the lowest cost producer of cars from other world producers outside the union in the long run. Thus, the three countries do not benefit from the customs union (2007). Also, increased membership means lesser transportation and transaction costs. This happens because as a customs union becomes larger, members would feel the need for more effective transport systems for the trade to take place. Hence, border controls of each country would be lessened to augment the efficiency of the trade transport channels. Thus, transaction costs between the countries participating in the customs union are lesser ( 2006).             The long term effect of a customs union comes in the economies of scale. Economies of scale occur due to some improvements in the operations of corporations from the countries participating in the customs union. The formation of a customs union brings about restructuring effects which force firms, employees and governments to adapt. First, customs union entails increased competition as member-countries are given freedom to participate in trade without tariffs. Companies facing heightened competition will attempt to lower their costs to maintain market existence. Secondly, increased competition leads to production efficiency. Firms that wish to participate in a tariff-free trade would try their best to produce greater volumes of goods in order to ensure their continuous participation in the trade process. Firms that continuously attempt to produce in bigger volumes would eventually discover the most efficient methods of production. Thirdly, increased production enables consumers to gain access to diverse goods which would guarantee that high quality products are available in the market. Finally, the absence of tariffs, quotas and other forms of restrictions in a customs union drives domestic producers to implement price reductions to match the rate set by a partner country. This method eradicates excessive profits and tendencies for overstaffing. The long term effects of a customs union on economies of scale depend upon the level of unity and division of benefits between the member-countries (2006).

THE IMPACTS OF FORMING A CUSTOMS UNION ON THE IMPORTING COUNTRY AND THE EXPORTING COUNTRY

THE IMPACTS OF FORMING A CUSTOMS UNION ON THE IMPORTING COUNTRY AND THE EXPORTING COUNTRY The onset of glob...

A comparative economic analysis of international economic integration in Africa

A political culture is a distinctive and patterned form of political philosophy that consists of beliefs on how governmental, political, and economic life should be carried out. It creates structures for political change and unique to other nations and groups. This is different to political ideology (Clark & Hoffman-Martinot, 1998). The late twentieth century has seen an unparalleled expansion of international capital. After years of competing blocs and capital restrictions, the floodgates have broken, and private investment has poured across political borders as never before. The commercial revolution was a period of rapid output growth, urbanization, population growth and technological innovation that affected the global economy. With the various contributory factors in the world economy such as globalization (Drainville & Sassen, 2003; International Labor Review, 2005), international trade agreements, economic cooperation, and technological advancements, it could be assumed that the world economy today is flourishing. But what is happening now is the other version of the story. With the emergence of different human conditions and overpopulation (Caldwell & Schindlmayr, 2002), political turmoil and instability, terrorism, and increase of oil prices, the world economy at present is slowing down but never ceases to recover its strength.              As a person who is an active participant of the society, aware of the background and current standings of the branches of the state, consumer of products, and contributor to the economy itself, I can say that indeed the global economy is deteriorating. However, notwithstanding the existing worldwide conditions affecting the world economy, I recognized the efforts of concerned world leaders and economists in improving its state. Therefore, we are at risk of economic crisis.             In a report released by the National Institute of Economic Review (2005), the global economy slowed down from 2004’s hectic GDP increase of 5.1 percent. Back in the year 2000, the global economic growth is characterized into two descriptions: “its staggering size and acceleration when compared with developments in previous centuries and its uneven distribution among different countries and regions of the world” (World Economic Outlook, 2000). After this economic milestone, the global economy demonstrated no signs and symptoms of development and progress due to some consequences of its immediate take off such as the war and the terror activities happening worldwide. The Committee for Worker’s International (CWI) (2003) reported that “the world economy is on the edge of a prolonged period of stagnation”. It also indicated that even before the incident of war in Iraq, the United Nations predicted "an escalation into military action would have even more profound negative economic consequences". As such consequence, the war speeds up the worsening of the global economy. The three world’s leading economies – the US, Japan and Germany, are all either in or hovering on the threshold of recession (CWI, 2003). The United States of America in particular, the world’s largest economy, shows signs of slowing economy as the index of U.S. leading economic indicators fell due to oil price hike and slower job creation this year. Consumers are now deeply concerned about high energy bills and lagging employment according to a consumer survey (Torres, 2004). Meanwhile, amidst these economical drawbacks, the global economy is still viable. The global efforts in reviving its once-upon-a-time strong and powerful stature are still workable. For example, the Organization de l'Unité Africaine was the most significant result of Pan-Africanism and established to promote unity, development and solidarity and international cooperation of African States, eliminate all forms of colonialism, and serve as the collective voice for the continent’s sovereignty. It was formed at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on May 25, 1963 but disbanded on July 9, 2002 by the last chairman South Africa Thabo Mbeki and replaced as African Union (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2004). One of the main reasons and probably the most important reason that lead to colonization of Africa by colonial powers like Europe are the acquisition of lands for the expansion of their territory and world politics (Harris, 1914). Another reason is because of its natural resources and potential for world trade. Sub-Sahara Africa was the last region left untouched by imperialist. However, it was eventually colonized by Europe’s ruing elites in some reasons such as civilization and trade (Rodney, 1973). The effect of colonization to Black Africa is the advent of development and civilization. With the presence of free trade, the world opens its doors for Sub-Saharan region. Colonization is undeniably influential to the history of Africa. Colonization changed a significant number of aspects such as economy, politics, and other geographical and historical aspect. Furthermore, colonization also introduced new combination of races (Pakenham, 1991). With colonization, almost everything was change but still several of the African cultures and traditions remained the same and will always be their identity. African nationalism was formed to unite Africa and for recognition of tribes and establish their own states and preserve its native culture. By this objective which is also the biggest factor, they want to fight against colonialism. They utter a loud cry for self-determination. The abolition of slavery is a reason because it is a source of alienation from their ancestors, their heroes, the fruits of their labor, and most significant, themselves (Gordon, 2003). The Africans are not effective and did not achieve their goals because of the fact that the countries that colonized them possess all the means to suppress their freedom. The long, uninterrupted and undisputed colonial rule of European powers is still present. Now, Africa is open in the pursuit of absolute freedom and social progress amidst the various dilemmas affecting their continent.  To build economic alternatives to a capitalist system, we need to transform some or all of these characteristics. For example, establishing co-operatives or community-owned firms is an alternative to the capitalist pattern of ownership. If we create a system which produces for people's needs and not for profits we are also challenging capitalist relationships. Or making sure that everyone receives a basic income instead of depending on wages alone, will also change the nature of a capitalist economy. We already have some alternatives to a completely capitalist economy in South Africa. Government provides education -- production is not for profit and the service is not sold on a market. So if we can recognize and protect the alternatives we already have in South Africa, then we are making an important step in developing a socialist economic strategy.   Difficulties with Alternatives But we mustn’t think that any alternative to capitalist economic relationships will automatically be better. For example, the apartheid government established many economic arrangements which were not capitalist but which led to widespread poverty and racially-based oppression. Our alternative must develop a system which benefits the people, and does not simply develop a system which is non-capitalist. Think of gender relationships and household labor. Production in the household meets many basic needs (e.g. childcare, health care, care for the sick and elderly). Household production does not directly generate profits and often it does not involve a market exchange. Therefore, in many respects, household production is an alternative to a capitalist system. But this production relies on the unpaid labor of women. And it places women and children at high risk for poverty, so it is not a socially desirable alternative.   State Ownership and Control State ownership and control -- in which the government becomes the dominant player in the economy – has been a key issue in ideas about alternatives to capitalism. The state can intervene to ensure access to basic goods and services, to create a more equal distribution of income, and to lower the rate of unemployment. But if the state controls all this, it won’t necessarily produce these outcomes. For example, the state could act in its own interest and discount the interests of the public. The state could also exploit workers just as a capitalist exploits workers. So when we look at alternatives the key test is -- do these economic relationships have desirable social and economic outcomes? Governments can play a major role in such an alternative system, but they might form one part of a more complex, and more socialist, economy.   Conclusion             If we want to develop an alternative economic strategy we must analyze very carefully: <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc"> 	<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%"> 	what alternatives already exist which can 	lay the foundation for a future socialist society </li> 	<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%"> 	whether the alternative that we propose 	will provide what people want, if it will benefit the people. If it sounds 	socialist but it is not satisfying people’s needs then it is not a desirable 	alternative.</li> </ul>   Essay (review of literature) A comparative economic analysis of international economic integration in Africa 1250 words - 5 pages The paper should concentrate on literature review of the topic. It should just have an introduction and the literature review of the topic. Harvard

A comparative economic analysis of international economic integration in Africa

A political culture is a distinctive and patterned form of political philosophy that consists of beliefs on how governmental, ...

THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

The Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Productivity   The research will be based in Ghana and the need to encounter into a detailed research literature which is ideal for completion of the study, the need to organize research approaches in support of literature review, studies which provide academic clarity to fully acquire complete understanding and awareness of what the research topic caters into the central core. The moving forward towards the discussion analysis of such studies presented by proponents that are experts on motivation and organizational studies as useful initial headings are to be included in each part of research underpinnings. Along with the importance of the study that integrates the elusive application of research methods, case study serves as the main technique of this research catering to employee motivation effects pertaining to production of organizations and be noted in Ghana’s context. Objectives 1.      There is a need to recognize employee motivation towards several small business organizations in Ghana, to know motivational effects on productivity level of the business   2.      Determining the two keywords in literature centered motion, motivation and productivity in the core position 3.      Finding out employee motivation effects in terms of organization production stature from Ghana’s small organization employees 4.      The need to identify and understand several motivational theories in viewpoints of employees pointing to productivity sense of the business       Question and Hypothesis 1.      What is motivation about? How is it linked and connected to employee motivation? Discus 2.      Is there a positive effect of employee motivation on the productivity level? How and why? Give situations 3.      Is there a negative effect of employee motivation on the productivity level? How and why? Give situations 4.      What is meant by productivity? How is it applied to small business organizations in Ghana? 5.      How does motivation caters to productivity level? Is employee motivation an enough factor to determine increased level in productivity? In what ways? Research hypothesis are deemed for the clearance of research design/approached being utilized for this specific study and it will assume variables that could be in place within the conceptual framework construction and the balance integration of its application forming in theory based framework from within proponent recognized information and research studies respectively.   H1: There is positive effect of employee motivation on organizational productivity H2: There is negative effect of employee motivation on organizational productivity H3: There is similar employee motivation process in terms of productivity level of small organization in Ghana H4: There is different employee motivation process in terms of productivity level of small organization in Ghana Significance The impeding significance of the research can be found at the ideal composition of research of how it can go or not go beyond the scope of research as the research findings could be at most useful in terms of instilling awareness to Ghana small business employees, as well as other involved parties that it is important to have right amount of motivation indicators to position and empower employees  upon increasing positive productivity stance, motivation understanding, awareness and application the case of Ghana. The audience as the main readers of this research will have driving force of motivation assessment for productivity reality in organizations adhering to employees as there put in acceptance of valuable motivational ways and aspects that allow possibilities of accepting motivation oriented research and development. Methodology Question survey technique will be used for this research investigation to solicit the data. The target respondents are managerial level employees of Ghana’s small business organization as questionnaire will be comprised of certain sections placing in question statements measuring effects of employee motivation on the productivity level of organizations that links to  motivation success as well as knowledge basis, and the creation of motivation models for a positive grounded application, as statements which was formed by , (2000). Respondents are to asked to indicate their notions of agreement using  in five point Likert scale (with 5 = completely agree, to 1 = completely disagree). Total of 100 sets of usable questionnaires will be ideally collected and analyzed ( 2000; , 2002), the research implies to qualitative methods such as open-ended questions and quantitative methods such as to request respondents to rank their views about specific question in the questionnaire, as one common measure in education research. Questions are need to be examined for reliability and validity. Data will be collected and analyzed through using qualitative techniques such as pointing towards document analysis, interviews and questionnaire survey. References

THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

The Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Productivity The research will be based in Ghana and the need to encounter into a ...

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF AGGRESSION IN YOUTHS AND WHAT COULD BE DONE TO STOP IT?

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF AGGRESSION IN YOUTHS AND WHAT COULD BE DONE TO STOP IT? Aggression is a common term used to describe a cluster of behaviors directed to hurt the other (Geen, 1998). The multiple definitions of aggression differ in their scope and focus. For example, defining aggression as any behavior that hurts the other is too broad in scope. It includes behaviors that cause unintentional harm, such as driving accidents, and even ell-intended behaviors such as medical surgeries that go wrong. Other definitions that are narrower in scope are more widely used. Such definitions describe aggression as any form of behavior intended to hurt the other (Baron & Richardson, 1994) or as the behavior of an individual intended to hurt another individual (Berkowitz, 1993; Eron, Walder, & Lefkowitz, 1971). As previously mentioned, the definitions vary not only in their scope but also in their focus. For example, the first definition presented above focuses on the overt behavioral expression, while the second and third definitions include covert elements, such as intent. Aggressive behavior is usually categorized and classified along two dimensions: One relates to the origins of aggression, its goals, the way it is experienced, and the context of its outburst. This dimension refers to questions such as, Who are those who use aggression? What is on their mind? And How do they feel? The second dimension refers to the way in which aggression is expressed, that is, How is it done? Children have been entertained by animated films and television shows for over 80 years. The first true animated star was the 1920s icon, Felix the Cat. Within the next 10 years, characters developed by the Disney Brothers' Cartoon Studios, such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Pluto had become international celebrities and their movies were generating millions of dollars. In fact, Disney's first full feature length film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, is still one of the top ten grossing films of all time, when adjusted for inflation (Box Office Mojo.com, 2004). By the 1950s, the violence-laden cartoon, Popeye the Sailor, was drawing a large television audience. Following the success of Popeye, studios such as Hanna–Barbera began to produce The Flinstones and other made-for-TV animated series (see Kirsh, 2006 for a more detailed review of the history of violence in the media). Currently, animated film classics and new television series can be seen on cable/satellite channels, such as Boomerang, Cartoon Network, and The Disney Channel. Moreover, feature films staring animated characters are still box office juggernauts. For instance, in 2004, Shrek 2 generated nearly $900 billion in international box office receipts and billions more in home DVD sales (Box Office Mojo.com, 2004). Violence in cartoons is an integral part of cartoon content. In fact, frequency of violence in cartoons is higher than in live-action dramas or comedies (Potter & Warren, 1998). As a consequence, youth are more likely to view media-depicted violence during Saturday morning cartoons than during prime-time television hours (8:00–11:00 P.M.; Gerbner, Gross, Morgan, & Signorelli, 1994). However, there are qualitative differences between the acts of violence depicted during live-action dramas and those depicted in cartoons. Cartoon violence meant for a youthful audience (as opposed to animated films for adults, such as Heavy Metal) tend to involve minor acts of violence: realistically portrayed death is rarely shown and graphic acts of violence are seldom televised. Additionally, cartoons sanitize the outcomes of violence, in that it is unusual to see the victims suffering in a life-like manner. In contrast, live-action dramas airing during prime-time regularly involve major acts of violence (e.g., rape and murder), and the pain and suffering of the victim is often highlighted (Potter & Warren, 1998). Although many violent cartoons meant for youthful consumption contain comedic elements (e.g., Woody Woodpecker, Scooby Doo), some of these cartoons just portray the violence. For instance, Samurai Jack, X-Men Evolution, and Batman: The Animated Series depict animated violence, with little to no comedic elements. Moreover, for these types of animated shows, violence is found at the beginning and end of disputes. Presence or absence of comedy during violence is an important consideration when evaluating the effects of viewing cartoons on youth, for there is both theory and research to support the contention that comedic elements may camouflage and trivialize depictions of violence (King, 2000 and Potter and Warren, 1998).   References   Baron, R. B., & Richardson, D. (1994). Human aggression. New York: Plenum.   Berkowitz, L. (1993). Pain and aggression: Some findings and implications. Motivation and Emotion, 17, 277-293.   Box Office Mojo, 2004 Box Office Mojo (2004). Retrieved March 25, 2011, from http://www.boxofficemojo.com.   Eron, L. D., Walder, L. O., & Lefkowitz, M. M. (1971). The learning of aggression in children. Boston: Little, Brown   Geen, R. G. (1998). Processes and personal variables in affective aggression. In R. G. Geen & E. Donnerstein (Eds.), Human aggression: Theories, research and implications for social policy (p. 15). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.   Potter and Warren, 1998 W.J. Potter and R. Warren, Humor as a camouflage of televised violence, Journal of Communication 48 (1998), pp. 40–57.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF AGGRESSION IN YOUTHS AND WHAT COULD BE DONE TO STOP IT?

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF AGGRESSION IN YOUTHS AND WHAT COULD BE DONE TO STOP IT? Aggression is a common term used to describe a cluster o...

Thesis Chapter 1 Essay instructions on EXTENSION AND VALIDATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR:THE CASE OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESS IN SAUDIA ARABIA

Thesis Chapter 1 Essay instructions on EXTENSION AND VALIDATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR:THE CASE OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESS IN SAUDIA ARABIA

MY SUPERVISOR ASKED ME TO FLOW THE RESEARCH WHICH I WILL ATTACHE IT FOR YOU,AND ASKED TO WRITE SOME REFERENCE THAT HAS BEEN WRITTEN ABOUT ...

Socio-Cultural Factors that Contribute to the Spread of HIV/Aids in Tanzania Research Proposal

Socio-Cultural Factors that Contribute to the Spread of HIV/Aids in Tanzania Background of the Study and Problem Statement When the issue of sex is stated on the paper, the main idea that came to mind is childbearing. It became risky when it arrived in the pubescent age. There are clinically findings that reveals on the fact that when a person is sexually driven or can be easily arouse, therefore, he or she has a psychological problem which is sometimes lead to the undesirable behaviors. The rapid changing of sexual partner is not good and in this case, the idea of HIV or AIDS became once again popular. Although there are medical assessment that tells that HIV/AIDS can be transferred through the needle sharing or an accidental needle-stick (SFHIV, 2004). Sex is the center of the study can’t avoid touching the areas of childbearing, psychological behaviors, and sexual diseases. However, the focus will be on the people despite knowing that they are HIV-positive or aware that their partner is HIV-positive, still having the unprotected sex. Purpose of the Study The research is supported by the four core objectives. The first purpose of the paper is to help reduce the spread of HIV and STDs through the awareness and promotion of safe sex and medical examinations. The second is to help the HIV-positive people achieve and maintain the physical, emotional, sexual and reproductive health and well-being. The third purpose of the paper is to assists the people who are unaware that they are the carrier of HIV diseases. And the fourth is to push the campaign for the developmental phase of an advanced cure for the HIV/AIDS-positive patients. Review on Literature There is a high risk behavior in unprotected sex. Meaning, there is an action or behavior that increases the individual’s probability of acquiring or transmitting the HIV/AIDS. It is seen on the people who have multiple partners and injecting drugs. A person who is also under the influence of alcohol is also at risk in obtaining or spreading the disease because there is an effect on an individual’s ability to make decisions such as safer sex. Also, the women are identified to be more prone or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS based on the three factors – epidemiological (getting married at young age), physiological (female anatomy), and socio-cultural factors (rape or molestation) (Parekh, 2008). The sexually transmitted infections can be easily transmitted to through the vaginal sex. Meanwhile, the other form of sexual intercourse can also deliver the infections (NAM, 2003). When a woman is declared as child-bearer and recognizes the existence of the HIV/AIDS in her bloodstream, there is a great risk that the transmission of the disease may be passed on the baby, more specifically when the partners are both HIV positive. But beside from the sexually transmitted disease, there are other infections that can be passed on the each partner during the unprotected sex (AFAO, 2001; NAM, 2003). Meanwhile, unsafe sex is also popular in the community where there are shifting of norm through the existence of gay men and lesbians and can be also the carrier of diseases (Maguen and Armistead, 2000; SFHIV, 2004). HIV infections, in the context of clinical studies, have the number of stages. Therefore, it is important that the HIV treatments should be developed according to its progression before the damaging of the immune system that can cause AIDS or illness. However, there are a small number of people that can live with HIV in a long time and there are available pills that can support or help prolong the life of the HIV-positive individuals. When a person recognized his condition with sexually transmitted infections, there is a great effect in the life of a person and most of them are negative impacts. An individual should seek the medical attention and the doctor will be the most important person in their decision making (AFAO, 2001). Methodology The applied the two methods of research and both served as the engine of the study. The first method is the interview which covers the demographics of the participants such as the gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. They were interviewed according to the privacy of their own and asked about their sexual history, the identified risk and outcome, and the present sexual status. The second method is the case-study method which is also used in analyzing the risk involved in the revelation of the participants that were engaged and/or currently engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse. References: AFAO, (2001) “What You Need to Know If You Are New to HIV”, Positive Living Australian Federation of AIDS Organizations, Accessed 16 December 2010, from http://www.afao.org.au/library_docs/positive_living/pl_nov_02.pdf Maguen, S., & Armistead, L., (2000) “Prevalence of Unprotected Sex and HIV-Antibody Testing among Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Youth”, The Journal of Sex Research, 37(2) NAM, (2003) “Unprotected Sex”, National Association of Manufacturers, Accessed 16 December 2010, from http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/Unprotected%20Sex.pdf Parekh, A., (2008) Dealing with the Headline “She came and spread AIDS”, Gender Sensitive Reporting, HIV/AIDS Reporting Manual. Kaiser Family Foundation, Assessed 16 December 2010, from http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/7408-02.pdf SFHIV, (2004) “Community Assessment”, HIV Prevention in San Francisco, Accessed 16 December 2010, from http://www.sfhiv.org/files/plan_2004/2004_plan_ch_3.pdf

Socio-Cultural Factors that Contribute to the Spread of HIV/Aids in Tanzania Research Proposal

Socio-Cultural Factors that Contribute to the Spread of HIV/Aids in Tanzania Background of the Study and Problem Statement When the i...

Business Strategies

Business Strategy   Part I: Business Strategies Introduction             As companies grow and move in the international market, challenges and opportunities are encountered. Different factors affect organizations. Now more than ever, companies need to focus on developing strategies that will address the different threats posed by the internal and external environment and at the same time explore the opportunities the new business environment provides. Strategy is the direction that a company seeks to pursue. Strategies are geared toward the achievement of business goals. A company’s success rely on it ability to manage its resources and capabilities and its ability to change and develop according to the demands of the business environment.   International Business Strategy: Ford Motor Company             International business strategy reflects the managerial thinking of the company’s overseas operations as some kind of extension of its domestic operations, which is to be supported. Hence, overseas operations are designed to contribute the sales of the domestic product lines or supplying raw materials or components to the domestic operations. Companies with international strategy view domestic market as the primary market but perceive overseas markets as accessories. As a result, the parent company dictates the strategic directions by providing the blueprints for policies and operational guidelines and assigning expatriate managers to overseas posts. Strategic decisions concerning foreign operations tend to be made opportunistically or on an unplanned basis (1992 ;2002).             Ford used to implement an international strategy. During the 1970’s Ford’s position as the second largest vehicle producer in the United States was threatened by the industry crisis. Its products suffered from serious quality problems. The company did not have the financial resources to develop the products that were being demanded by US consumers. Ford’s international operations kept it afloat. Ford used an international strategy in order to support its US (domestic) operations. Its foreign sales provided the cash flow needed by the parent company to survive ( 2002).             Multinational Business Strategy: Unilever A Multinational company means that a company recognizes the importance of overseas markets and makes a greater commitment than an international company by considering local market characteristics. This type of firm leverages foreign market opportunities by responding to the needs of the local market while it faces local competition. Consequently, it adjusts its strategy, products, and even management practices country by country. Its fundamental strategy evolves around having a number of national subsidiaries sensitive and responsive to each national market. As an extension of this strategic approach, each subsidiary is run autonomously by making its own entrepreneurial decisions concerning the new initiatives ( 1992 ;2002).             Unilever is the second largest consumer goods company in the world. This British-Dutch firm currently markets over 1,500 brands of food, home and personal care products in 158 countries and has annual revenue of more than $44 billion. Much of this success can be attributed to its high national responsiveness and low economic integration strategy. Unilever’s strategy is to remain close to customers in the local markets while giving regional managers authority to make operating decisions in these geographic areas ( 2001).   Global Business Strategy: UNIQLO A global business emphasizes production efficiency rather than responsiveness to the local market. This type of company exploits the scale economy advantages by making and selling products worldwide. To achieve worldwide efficiency, a global company sets up its production facilities in selected countries and distributes its products across countries. The underlying assumption of the global company is that worldwide consumer demand is similar, and therefore there is no need to modify its products country by country (1992; 2002). UNIQLO offers high quality, fashionable clothes at a very affordable price. UNIQLO focuses on limited product range to achieve economies of scale. UNIQLO clothes are made under licence in mainland China and South East Asia under strict design and quality controls. The company maintains close control over every aspect of the business, from product planning, development and procurement of fabrics and clothing design, all the way through manufacturing, distribution and sales. The company integrates all its production sites in China and other countries and UNIQLO stores in more than 700 distant locations around the world in order to achieve the organizational objectives (  2005).   Transnational Business Strategy: Asea Brown Boveri A transnational company combines both the benefits of production efficiency and local responsiveness. This type of company aims at accomplishing production efficiency while making necessary changes in product design, manufacturing, and distribution because of the local market conditions. It combines multinational and global strategic mentalities into single strategic orientation (1992 ;2002).             A transnational strategy is useful in achieving the benefits of both global and multinational strategies. The overseas subsidiaries are incorporated into the overall structure across several proportions. Every subsidiary is empowered to respond to the local market (1998). The transnational company is characterized by unique contributions by all its entities integrated into worldwide operations.             One prominent example of a transnational company is Asea Brown Boveri (ABB). ABB is an electrical-equipment giant that demonstrates a portrait of a geocentric organization at work. It balances global scale and state-of-the-art technology with strong local-market bonds. It is a multicultural organization with headquarters in Sweden and Switzerland. It is managed as a flexible network unit and the management functions as facilitator of information and knowledge flows. ABB optimizes business globally through product specialization, expanding cross-border economies of scale in learning and solving problems. At the same time, it maintains local roots, building products in the countries where they are sold, recruiting the best local talent, conducting research in labs around the world, and working with local governments to increase exports ( 1995).   Part II: Strategic Management Strategic Position Analyzing the strategic position of the company gives a clear understanding about the impact and effects of the external environment, the company’s strategic capability and the expectations and influence of stakeholders on the company’s overall business strategy. 1. Environmental Factors – environmental influence and trends are considered as layers around the organization. The most general layer is the macro-environment where the understanding of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal influences (PESTEL) can provide an overall picture of the variety of factors that affect the organization. The sources of competition are also an important concern for the organization. The five forces framework aims to identify the sources of competition in terms of barriers to entry, the power of the buyers and suppliers, the threat of substitutes and the extent of competitive rivalry. As an organization that is affected by various environmental factors, ABB strategically analyzes and studies its external environment by using PESTEL analysis. In order to determine its strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats, it uses SWOT analysis. These tools guide the strategy development process of the organization. 2. Strategic Capability – strategic capability is concerned with the adequacy and sustainability of resources and competences required for an organization to survive and prosper. Companies who effectively use their strategic capabilities achieve competitive advantage. Strategic capabilities comprise tangible and intangible resources and competences – the way such resources are used and deployed. In dynamic conditions, strategic capabilities are hard to maintain. Success will depend on the companies ability to change strategic capabilities.             For example, ABB considers Research and Development (R&D) as its core strategic capability. The company spends large amount of resources in building this strategic capability. Research and Development has helped the company to constantly innovate and upgrade its operations and businesses. Along with its strong research and development efforts, ABB develops other strategic capabilities through innovation, quality, proximity to customers and speed. In 2006, the company completed its biggest project – the Estlink power connection between Estonia and Finland. Using environmentally friendly technology pioneered by ABB, the company was able to deliver the power link in just 19 months, a record for this type of installation. This only shows that ABB is able to use its strategic capabilities and is able to develop and change these capabilities in order to maintain its leading market position. 3. Expectations and Purposes – expectations and purposes are influenced by four main factors: corporate governance, stakeholder expectations, business ethics and culture. The corporate governance arrangements determine whom the organization is there to serve an how the purposes and priorities should be decided.             ABB’s corporate governance principle is committed to the highest international standards for corporate governance, and supports the general principles as set forth in the Swiss Code of Best Practice, as well as those of the capital markets where its share are listed and traded. In addition to the provisions of the Swiss Code of Obligations, ABB’s principles and rules on corporate governance are laid down in ABB’s Articles of Incorporation, the ABB Ltd Board Regulations, the regulations of ABB’s board committees and the ABB Code of Conduct. The Board of Directors amend those documents to reflect the most recent developments and practices, as well as top ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.             Stakeholders differ in terms of the power that they hold and the extent to which they are actively interested in the strategies that an organization is pursuing. For example, customers look to ABB for innovation, reliability and integrity. The company’s standards of behavior aim to ensure that the company and its people deliver those values. The employees as stakeholders are also given importance by the company. ABB strives to give employees the tools they need – equipment and information – to be effective. Employee safety, training and development are also given particular attention by top management. How ABB does business is crucial to its reputation and success and business partners are views as allies. ABB expects fair competition in its markets and applies the same standard in dealing with suppliers.   Strategic Choices             Strategic choices involve the analysis of the essential factors that shape future strategies in both the business unit and corporate levels and the choices that are available for the organization in order to efficiently and effectively implement its strategies ( 2007). 1. Business-Level             Business-level strategy is about competing better or, in the public services, providing best value services. Organizations consist of a number of strategic business units (SBUs) and business-level strategy need to be developed for each of these SBUs.             ABB is a transnational organization that has numerous operations worldwide. In order to remain competitive, ABB created SBUs that will handle its different operations Each SBU speacializes in different product and process.  ABB is a leader in power and automation technologies that aims at performance improvement while at the same time taking the impact on the environment into consideration. The business units of ABB have different strategies. Each SBU aims to achieve overall organizational objective and mission. The Power Products unit is the unit incorporates ABB’s manufacturing network for transformers, switchgear, circuit breakers, cables and associated equipment. The aim of the SBU is to offer components to transmit and distribute electricity. The Power Systems unit offers turnkey systems and services for power transmission and distribution grids and power plants. In power generation, Power Systems offers the instrumentation, control and electrification of power plants. The Automation Products unit this ABB business serves customers with energy efficient and reliable products to improve customers’ productivity, including drives, motors and generators, low voltage products, instrumentation and analytical, and power electronics. The Process Automation unit is the main focus of this business is to provide customers with integrated solutions for control, plant optimization, and industry-specific application knowledge.   Corporate-Level             Corporate strategy is concerned with decisions of the parent about the product and international scope; and how they seek to add value to that created by their business units. The corporate parent is concerned with decisions and activities above the level of business units.             The company pursues its corporate level strategy through the coordination of various SBU processes and operations. ABB is a world leader that is able to coordinate and unite its different businesses in order to remain competitive. Direction Development             There are three broad methods of strategy development: <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Internal development has the major benefit of building organizational competences through learning. It can result in overstretched resources and the loss of the advantages of specializations.</li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Mergers and acquisitions may have advantages of speed and the ability to acquire competences not already held ‘in-house’.  </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Strategic alliances have many different forms. The most successful alliance appear to be those where partners have positive attitudes managing and developing the partnership. </li> </ul> Strategy into Action 1. Organizing – organizing for success is about an organization’s configuration. This is composed of three related strands: <ul style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="circle"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333399; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Structures – there are many structural types. Each structure responds differently to the challenges and demands of the company’s internal and external environment. ABB recognizes that traditional structure of transnational companies, with smaller versions of the parent company are replicated in countries around the world. To be successful and compete in longer term, ABB is developing a globally-integrated structure where jobs are allocated to those best suit the challenge. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Processes – there are different processes that an organization can use in order to facilitate strategy. </li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 200%"> Relationships – like structures and processes, relationships are also necessary in order to achieve success. Internally key issues are centralization versus devolution and strategy style. Externally, there are choices around outsourcing, alliances, virtuality and networks which may help or hinder success.</li> </ul>               2. Enabling – the organization’s resources are important factors in the achievement of success. Managers and individuals who are below senior managers in organizations usually control resources activities and business processes that are crucial in enabling strategic success. Resource management is important in enabling strategic success. Systems and procedures are important in resource management. People are also important. Information plays a significant role in the enabling of success. Information technology is of particular attention at the moment with continuing rapid advances in information technology. Finance is a resource of central importance in all organizations. Technology development affect the competitive forces on an organization and also its strategic capability.             Enabling involves the proper allocation of resources. Both the managers and the employees are responsible in the use of the company’s resources. ABB invests in a core group of local manager who are open-minded, respectful, and appreciative of other countries. Moreover, these managers are generous, patient, persevering, and imaginative. Management seeks opportunities to innovate and goes so far as to ‘overinform’ employees with the sharing of information. ABB promotes worldwide people-rotation teams, which facilitate synergetic opportunities. Countries and individuals realize their own roles, appreciate one another, and know that each business unit complements the next. The ultimate goal of ABB is to enhance competitiveness by fostering innovation, increasing customer orientation and driving efficiency by using its global reach and resources. In production, the company has assigned global responsibility for product development to particular factories around the world. The company is also streamlining its operations in human resources, information technology and finance to raise efficiency. In view of dynamic global markets and the consistently high quality of research staff in emerging countries in Asia, ABB has significantly expanded its research base in India and China, where about 40 per cent of ABB’s research resources are now spent. 3. Managing Change             A recurrent theme in strategic management is the management of change. Change include the need to understand how the context of an organization should influence the approach to change.             The company is operating in a fast-changing business environment. Customers, competitors, and suppliers are changing. The company needs to effectively and efficiently change in accordance with the changing external and internal environments. Leadership has played a critical role in bringing about culture change at ABB. Leaders are characterized by competence, ambition, courage and integrity. They lead by example and help to motivate their colleagues. ABB operates in an environment where constant change and innovation are important. Through its world-class research and development facilities and its innovative technology, ABB pursues change. ABB is a world leader in the development of sophisticated computer and software and systems needed to provide secure Internet power trading between producers and consumers. A decade ago, buying and selling electricity as a commodity was technically impossible. However, advances in computing and internet-based trading have encouraged the deregulation of utilities and introduced the world to competitive electricity markets. ABB was able to manage change effectively and the company was able to deal with the new demands of the customers and the changes in the microenvironment. For example, with the launch in 2006 of energy trading markets in the Philippines and Western Australia, ABB put seven systems around the world based on its Network Manager BMS solution. The change in ABB was successful. Strategy Development              The strategy development process involves the ways in which organizations develop and formulate strategies. Strategies are categorized as intended and emergent. Intended strategy is the desired strategic direction deliberately planned by managers. The emergent strategy develops in a less deliberate way from the behaviors and activities inherent within the organization. The strategy development at ABB is primarily carried out by the top management. Corporate-level strategies are formulated and developed at the top and then communicated down the hierarchy. Each business unit develops its own strategy that will be subject to the top management’s approval. The top management realizes that formal planning systems are not adequate on its own. That is why planning also takes place on the functional level where employees and managers have a clear understanding of the various factors that affect the operation and production. Conclusion             In a global economy where boundaries are non-existent, many organizations have begun to exploit different markets. Companies are starting to expand their operations. Many companies established subsidiaries and business units abroad. There are different strategies that companies are implementing when they choose to expand – international, multinational, global and transnational. International strategy reflects the managerial thinking that views overseas operations as extension to domestic operations. The strategies of the company remains focused on the domestic market. In multinational strategy, the company recognizes the importance of overseas markets. Each business unit is run autonomously in order to respond to the demands of the local markets. A global business on the other hand emphasizes production efficiency rather than local responsiveness. The ultimate goal of global strategy is global efficiency. Lastly, a transnational strategy seeks to combine the benefits of both multinational and global strategies. A transnational company aims at accomplishing production efficiency while making necessary changes in product design, manufacturing, and distribution. We see in the case of ABB that transnational companies encounter different challenges and issues. ABB was able to grow and expand its operations in different countries because it managed its resources and capabilities effectively. ABB continues to change and improve. ABB analyzes both its external and internal environment in order to determine and further enhance its strengths and effectively deal with its weaknesses. The success of the organization with different SBUs in different parts of the world is because of integration and well-designed strategic plans.

Business Strategies

Business Strategy Part I: Business Strategies Introduction As companies grow and move in the international market, c...

Alcan Incorporated Case Study

This paper discusses knowledge management and human resource management in relation to teamwork and how it is transferred within and across organizations. It defines certain concepts on these two topics and relates them on how it can be very useful in certain cases, such as the one mentioned in this paper. It also emphasizes on the role of technology as a crucial element in knowledge and human resource management. The importance of teamwork in relation to a specific case study is also discussed and given emphasis.     Introduction During the turn of the century, the world experiences more drastic changes than before. The people, the environment, the culture, information and even religions have already changed. It is as if the whole world evolved into a massive ball of information and technology that lead to the expansion and the development of every human being. In comparison to the events that happened the past centuries, everything happens today in fast-pace; like everybody is joining a race and everybody would like to win it! With what is happening to the world right now, it could be deduced that the development of technology and the need of this technology to be known to man is the main reason why everything changes.             With the changes each of us undertakes, a company must be able to cope with these changes, especially in dealing with employees. In this case, a company must also adapt its policies and approach to effectively communicate with its work force. This is why the human resource management of a company must be adjusted also to suit the needs of its employees. To be able to do this, proper knowledge must also be possessed in order to apply human resource management properly, in relation to innovation and technological expertise.   Knowledge and Human Resource Management             Knowledge management and human resource management are two important concepts in management of an organization. As defined by  (2006), knowledge management designates an approach to improving organizational outcomes and organizational learning by introducing into an organization a range of specific processes and practices for identifying and capturing knowledge, know-how, expertise and other intellectual capital, and for making such knowledge assets available for transfer and reuse across the organization. It is very important in a firm or an organization to transfer this knowledge, as it determines their success in the business. This should be emphasized especially in using advanced technology for the improvement of the company. It was also reported, that programs in knowledge management are typically tied to specific organizational objectives and are intended to lead to the achievement of specific targeted results such as improved performance, competitive advantage, or higher levels of innovation ( 2006). This concept determines also the concept of human resource management, as this two concepts go hand in hand in an organization. These two concepts are major key factors in the application and role of technology in an organization and in determining how each component of a team will cooperate with each other.             In relation to knowledge management is the concept of human resource management, which largely affects the impact of teamwork to any organization. It was reported that human resource management is a set of practices or techniques about managing people in an organization as effectively as possible for the good of the employees, the company and society. It is also a managerial function or department, which is becoming important to organizations in their efforts to manage people as effectively as possible. Furthermore, it includes a variety of activities such as staffing needs; whether to use independent contractors or hire new employees to meet their needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high-performers, and dealing with performance issues (  2005).             In addition, human resource management can be useful because managing people well may influence so many outcomes in an organization, such as profitability, productivity, employee involvement and investor return, which are all important to the stakeholders, the employees, the stockholders, the organization itself, the customers and the society (2005). Knowledge Workers and Teamwork             In relation to the mentioned concepts is the existence of a knowledge worker, which, according to  (2002) can be understood depending on the use of information in an organization.  As reported, a knowledge worker is one who works primarily with information and develops them. Because knowledge grows, all knowledge workers, particularly Research and Development project managers, need to easily access and search internal and external knowledge bases ( 2006). In addition, knowledge workers are believed to produce more when empowered to make the most of their deepest skills; they can often work on many projects at the same time; they know how to allocate their time; and they can multiply the results of their efforts through soft factors such as emotional intelligence and trust. Organizations designed around the knowledge worker, instead of just machine capital, are thought to integrate the best of hierarchy, self-organization and networking rather than the worst. Each dictates a different communications and rewards system, and requires activation of knowledge sharing and action learning. A basic pattern rule of human systems when you mix them you will get the worst of each unless you contextually and carefully attend to connecting the best ( 2006).             For all of these concepts to become effective, teamwork must exist alongside with the use of technology. Teamwork is a very important factor in all organizations when it comes to its improvement, development and establishment. According to (1999), attitude, goals, and teamwork can make a significant difference in the eventual success of a long, complex project. In many cases, a project team literally decides to succeed, not through a genuine desire on the part of the team to be successful, but through the evolution of a shared attitude among the team members that the project will succeed no matter what. The importance of teamwork in an organization largely determines how the organization will perform. Organizations have different components or committees in which different nature of work is distributed. However, even if each component acts separately, each must still coexist with other components and somehow work with them properly. This is possible with the concept of teamwork, with working harmoniously with other systems and with effectively applying a good deal of human resource management. Moreover, each of these components must be managed by human resource teams as effectively as possible and be reminded of their roles in the organization and the community. In addition, good communication must also be established, where the role of technology comes in. Companies nowadays are relying on the different advancement of technology, especially with the use of computer devices. Computers are now important tools in relation to cultivating effective communication. In the case of Alcan, Incorporated, this multinational corporation has gone a long way and becomes a good case study in relation to teamwork and human resource management. It was reported that Alcan was founded in 1902, a multinational, market-driven company and a global leader in aluminum and packaging, as well as aluminum recycling. It is involved in operations in primary aluminum, fabricated aluminum, as well as flexible and specialty packaging, aerospace applications, bauxite mining and alumina processing. The goal of this company is to make a positive difference, and operates based on integrity, accountability, trust, transparency and teamwork. These values guide the company in making good on their commitments to maximize value. The company also strives for innovation and product excellence; to create a safe, stimulating and rewarding environment for our people; to find new opportunities for continuous improvement and profitable growth; and to ensure all activities are conducted in a sustainable manner that will not compromise the aspirations of future generations (2004). Moreover, the company sees sustainability as another means for us to improve our performance by increasing the economic results of our actions and reducing environmental impacts within the context of business growth. In addition, the company will reap the benefits that result from being closer and more responsive to markets and trends in the society they serve. Thus, making the returns that shareholders demand driven by the company’s ability to invest in employees, in customer service, in the best technology and equipment and in the best performance in the areas of environment, health and safety. The good teamwork and positive values that the company demonstrates, results in its stability and success.  Teamwork has a large impact on the success of the whole organization, as each component has its specific roles and functions and is crucial in the development of the organization. Conclusion             Different aspects contribute to the success of an organization and become an established firm in the business scene. Each element comprising organizations have unique roles and functions differently. Due to this distinction from one another, comes the role of the human resource management department, which is responsible for the human resource activities of the company. The role of human resource is important as it contributes to the dissemination of information in the company. It is also responsible for the knowledge management in the firm. It was reported that due to today’s highly competitive environment, organizations are encouraging the human resource departments to play many roles within the organization. This can then lead to improving productivity, enhancing the quality of work life in the organization, complying with all of the necessary laws and regulations needed in managing the firm effectively, gaining competitive advantage, and enhancing workforce flexibility (2005). These additional roles will not only improve the human resources department specifically, but also, improve the performance of the whole organization.                         We must recognize that teamwork is an important aspect in the success of an organization, and that the cooperation of the work force may determine the future of the firm. In conclusion, human resource management controls knowledge management and affects the teamwork of each element that comprises the whole organization. The harmonious working together of each gives the company its full advantages.

Alcan Incorporated Case Study

This paper discusses knowledge management and human resource management in relation to teamwork and how it is transferred within and ...