Proposed Title: The importance of Information Technology (IT) in the healthcare industry: Research Study on the important role of IT in UK’s healthcare
Introduction
Several health providers have launched IT related cases or preliminaries without realizing research approach complexities, as the research will be executing systematic literature review of IT importance in healthcare through secondary data and information. The effectiveness of qualitative technique will be recognized and knowing in s how health care management systems do absorb research evidence as well as findings towards positive base on information technology tenets. Much of IT in UK healthcare research relies on patients’ perception of how IT serves UK’s healthcare as observed from the array of IT systems and its relevant factors such as healthcare recording, documentation and many others (Friedman, 2001). The role of IT may not accurately reflect the quality of care received through IT presence, since the technical aspect of UK’s quality of care cannot be assessed in a span of time.
Research rationale, aims and objectives
There has been increasing emphasis on the use of IT system based survey to assess elements of quality care due to the effective role of IT in UK healthcare systems, UK care institutions and health providers of the country however, how IT related factors are used to determine important factors of IT in the healthcare industry. There will be a need to consider functions as well as applications of IT into the care system in the UK. There allow systematic literature on IT’s role and importance in serving UK healthcare as of the present. The research will be centering on IT and its important role in the UK’s healthcare industry, by presenting salient factors of IT functional presence within UK’s care system. Research critique will be at the core of this research by critiquing about three to five academic reviewed articles/journals that directly speak of the role and or importance of information technology in healthcare, to be able to adopt as well as understand IT in the context of UK’s healthcare system. However, inability of patients to make judgments on IT competency of hospital and staff does have limited research to the functional standing of IT’s importance in UK care system, the manner of healthcare as delivered to UK patients (Tomes and Ng, 2002). Demonstration of functional outcomes and IT services are now a priority and the primary competitive edge in the UK healthcare system. Some hospitals and healthcare systems that invest in IT based program as well as determine how patients know their information and care records in order to make transformation change in UK’s care delivery and services. The need to examine several determinants of IT factors in relation to research literature of UK healthcare system and theoretical-conceptual variable from within the aspects of IT functioning with breadth of research critiquing of academic reviewed articles/journals.
Research questions
Research questions are essential part of the research process, as this will imply a solid connection towards secondary knowledge composed of peer reviewed studies such as from academic centered journals and articles, also from documented information and facts from books having contents about leadership and change. The research questions serve as the initial organization flow of the study’s review of the literature which leads to the creation of research methods and techniques and the questions were the following:
- What is IT in healthcare about? IT in UK’s care systems? Discuss research studies from within UK context
- How effective is IT based preliminaries and critiques in comparison to other techniques placing weight on IT found in healthcare? Explain and assume comprehensive analysis
- How to promote IT factors for the effectiveness of UK care systems? What are these IT factors in UK healthcare?
- How to develop IT oriented method in lieu to critical reviews, cases/ questionnaire?, what transpires to the preliminary research in UK healthcare, upon maximizing IT’s functional role and potential in healthcare?
- How research studies provide success to IT roles and functions in UK healthcare?
- How valid and reliable IT roles are and recognize important factors for the overall healthcare team in UK? Give analysis
The research will indicate empirical study and analysis of patients as subjects in focus of the study coming out from UK health care services such as those within UK hospitals and health care centers, the acceptability of IT factors as standard indicators qualified to assume methods of research. The study will need to examine variability in IT’s role related to critical literature review and research studies thereunto. IT related questionnaire; measuring of IT roles and functions in UK’s healthcare system, by using the five point Likert agree-disagree response format. IT research critiques will need to undertake objectives with a strong research focus on IT in healthcare research for UK application and domain.
Research hypothesis
Research hypothesis are deemed for the clearance of research design/approached being utilized for this specific study and it will assume variables that could be in place within the conceptual framework construction and the balance integration of its application forming in theory based framework from within proponent recognized information and research studies respectively.
H1: There is positive role and importance of Information Technology (IT) in UK’s healthcare systems
H2: There is negative role and importance of Information Technology (IT) in UK’s healthcare systems
H3: There is similar domain of IT in healthcare through research critique approach
H4: There is different domain of IT in healthcare through research critique approach
Literature Review
Information technology plays an important role in healthcare, Association of Medical Directors of Information Systems, advanced the health care industry in ways that benefit providers and patients. The significance of information technology is in its ability to impact so many different areas of the medical field, from the way patient information is stored, to enhancing robotics that can carry out surgeries (Bartolomei, from http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6501930_role-information-technology-medicine.html).
jQuery('.intro .thumbnail').each(function(i,e){ jQuery(e).find('img').one('error',function(){ jQuery(e).remove(); }); }); Electronic Health RecordsInformation technology has transformed the way that patient information is stored and accessed, as well as revolutionized billing and insurance procedures. Electronic health records function as a database that store patients' health related documents, such as their medical progress notes, immunization records, payment and account information and insurance data (Bartolomei, from http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6501930_role-information-technology-medicine.html). There eliminate the need for doctors and hospitals to maintain hard copies of medical records, and have provided medical staff with an easy and efficient way to access patient information. They have also created systems that make it easy to submit claims and be paid by insurance companies more efficiently.
Medical EquipmentAccording to Carnegie Mellon (Bartolomei, from http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6501930_role-information-technology-medicine.html), information technology is providing the medical field with improved capabilities to perform tests, evaluate medical conditions and even perform surgeries with more accuracy. It is being integrated into machines and equipment, such as MRI's, to enhance doctor's ability to see images more clearly. Information technology is also abetting the creation of medical robotics, which are computer-operated machines that perform surgeries through the use of information technology navigational systems.
Disease RegistriesThe Department of Health and Human Services explains that information technology is used in the developments and advancement of disease registries. Disease registries are databases that track and monitor types of diseases that affect a group or large population of people (Bartolomei, from http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6501930_role-information-technology-medicine.html). Information technology allows researchers to store this data electronically, and lets them perform automated updates, generate reports and perform analyses.
Quality ManagementInformation technology allows health care organizations to have a better handle on their quality management efforts. Health care organizations can set up computer systems to perform automated quality assurance audits and generate reports on the findings. For instance, information technology systems can digitally pull information from electronic patient files and perform quality audit on how many times in a month that patient received particular treatment (Bartolomei, from http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6501930_role-information-technology-medicine.html). Then, the system can generate a report of the findings.
Health Insurance ExchangesAccording to 2010 article on CivSource (Bartolomei, from http://www.ehow.co.uk/about_6501930_role-information-technology-medicine.html), information technology will play big part in the health care reform that the US undergo and so with UK’s healthcare system. The information technology will be used as means to exchange medical information between health insurance companies. Information technology systems can take care of this for the patient. The information system that is set up on the doctor's side can communicate directly with the information system that is established on the insurance company's side.
Consideration of Academic Sources
For the presence of research critique on three to four/five articles/journals, refer to the attached files enclosed with this research proposal.
Research Methods
Research is the systematic and rigorous process of enquiry which aims to describe phenomena and to develop explanatory concepts and theories on the importance of IT in healthcare. Ultimately, research on IT will contribute to the research body and knowledge base of literature points. More specifically, in relation to the focus of critiquing literature studies, there aim to improve health records, documentation and health services. Research on health and health services ranges from descriptive investigation of IT functions in relation to UK healthcare appropriateness, effectiveness and costs (Lugon and Secker Walker, 1999). Thus, it is often necessary to measure structure and process in order to interpret the outcome of the care. For example, the collection of qualitative and quantitative descriptive data about process and structure is essential if the investigator wishes to address the question of whether and how the outcome was caused by variations in the structure, or the way it was organized or delivered. The IT based research critique will be used as the core method of this research as well as case study approach of IT related studies known from UK care institution and hospital care settings. Indeed, research methods can be classified as either quantitative or qualitative in nature. Thus, qualitative method is designed to help researchers understand people and the social and cultural contexts which they live. Kaplan and Maxwell (1994) argue that the goal of understanding of phenomenon from viewpoints of participants and its particular social and institutional context is largely lost when textual date is quantified. Research questions were objectively asserted and have feasible literature base from methods variation and adaptation (Paton, 2002). The need to examine case analysis and case analysis method, IT in healthcare will transcribe and comment needs to be clustered together with given conceptualization.
Selection, explanation and justification
Questions are needed to be examined for reliability and validity. In order to avoid the case when the respondent will be forced to give an inaccurate response when his real attitude towards the statements ranging from 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree and 5 = strongly agree, to be enclosed at. Data will be collected and analyzed through using qualitative techniques such as pointing toward IT factors analysis, the gathering of research studies to critique at, engaging to IT in UK care system will be the pilot part of research, wherein there will include statement like questions concerning the role and importance of IT in healthcare, characterizing the functional means of UK based care settings. The relatively elevated correlation indicate that the questionnaire can be shortened and dimensions are measured but, longer questionnaire would still be necessary to ascertain the relative values of measure, as research literature within IT in healthcare seemed to hinge on IT presence and effectiveness.
Research design outline
The assessment of IT functional role has become a concern in the evaluation of modern health recording and some other IT integrated services. The need to reveal literature critiques towards IT in healthcare of care, factors of IT dominance as there can have ample role in healthcare quality, research and professional area in the care system. Moreover, several diverse items may be asked about IT in healthcare in form of Likert scaling approach, typically of five responses from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree," which are given numerical score. The summed score of items are to be taken to represent underlying view of IT in healthcare. Given the increased use of economic evaluation to inform decision making in the health service, it is particularly important that research methods used are critically assessed and, where possible, improved. The systematic handling of uncertainty into IT evaluation is an important area that remains methodologically immature. IT benefits may accrue when they are done in concert with other organizational initiatives such as business process reengineering. This calls for studies that take into account control variables as well as data that span time periods. In this study, there is a need to examine data three to five academic articles/journals. There has been expanding role of IT towards the design and development of healthcare products and services, delivery system, healthcare management.
Research outputs and dissemination
The research availability will have to be presented in hard and soft copies as to be written in word document file, and organized into several research chapters comprising of introduction section, preliminary literature section, methodology section, discussion, results and analysis section, summary, conclusion and recommendation section, references and bibliography section as well as appendices, as to be comprised of six study chapters respectively. The research dissemination can be on research articles/journals resource and requirement to be presented from within academic accepted resources coming from several respected authors or respondents creating in peer reviewed articles and journal resources and some books as necessary. The resources will be from Google scholar linked materials, JStor, emerald insight and several databases as possible. There is a need to develop appropriate infrastructure for undertaking IT effectiveness in the UK healthcare systems, to develop IT expertise that allow factors such as recording and documentation to be at its best. The role in which IT systems have positive perspectives put in the overall research process.
Plan-Timetable
TASK Week/Month (Sept. – Dec. 2010)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
Select topic
Undertake preliminary literature search
Write-up aims and objectives
Select appropriate methodology and locate sources of information. Confirm access.
Write-up Dissertation Plan
Undertake and write-up draft critical literature review.
Secondary and Primary Data Detailed
Research Findings:
- Analysed
- Evaluated
- Written-up
Discussion:
Research findings evaluated and discussed in relation to the literature review
Methodology written-up
(including limitations and constraints)
Main body of the report written-up and checked for logical structure
Conclusions drawn
Recommendations made
Introduction and Executive Summary written-up
Finalization
Printing
Ethical issues
The impeding significance will be found at the ideal composition of IT in healthcare research of how it can go or not go beyond the scope of research as the research findings could be at most useful in terms of instilling awareness to teachers, students and top academic leaders and will provide ample basis towards theory and conceptual sense of IT functional roles into the healthcare systems and imposing of real values along with research outcomes placed by preliminary literature review and methods of research (Bass and Avolio et al., 2003). There will present some confidentiality to the research undertaking by the researcher as there assuming of critical role focus of IT roles and importance on the values and ethics of research process as consent and approval will be necessary if quantitative approach will be used in support to the three to five academic reviewed articles/journals.
References
Bass BM Avolio BJ Jung DI and Berson Y (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), pp. 207-218
Friedman MA (2001) Issues in measuring and improving health care quality, Health Care Financing Review, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1-13
Kaplan B and Maxwell JA (1994) Qualitative Research Methods for Evaluation Computer Information Systems. In Anderson J G, C E Aydin and S J Jay (eds) (1994): Evaluating Health Care Information System: Methods and Applications. Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 45-68
Lugon M and Secker-Walker J (1999) Clinical Governance: Making it happen, The Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, London,
Paton MQ (2002) Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Tomes AE and Ng SP (2002) Service quality in hospital care: The development of an inpatient questionnaire, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 25-33.
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