HOW MOTIVATION WILL INFLUENCE THE PERFORMANCE, PRODUCTIVITY AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE EMPLOYEES IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY TOWARDS THEIR JOB?
1.0 Introduction
Motivation is considered as the desire within a person which causes him or her to act. People commonly act for one reason and that is the reach a particular goal or objective. Approaches in understanding motivation changed because of the different theories that have been developed. Each approach had contributed in order to understand human motivation. It is important to take note that motivation is considered as a complex and individualized; therefore, managerial strategies as well as tactics must be broad based in order to address the motivation concerning individual employees (Mathis & Jackson 2007).
People, or the employees, are the key in sustaining the organization and this importance in their role gives responsibility to the organization to motivate them so as they can function more effec6ively. Motivation gives impetus to behavior by means of arousing, sustaining and directing such towards a thriving attainment of goals. Therefore, motivation is directly related with performance. Performance refers to the working effectiveness by which the employees does their job and judged according to their effectiveness and relevance.
2.0 Background of the Study
No matter the size of the company, having a team of motivated, hard-working employees is considered as crucial and vital to the success of the business. This is because when the people lose their motivation, the performance may suffer, thus, they will become less productive, less creative, thus, less of an asset to the company (AllBusiness n.d.).
For instance, assume that an employee wants more social relationship – that is he or she wants to satisfy belongingness, relatedness or affiliation needs. This means that there is a high potential for the employees to want to perform at a higher level if he thinks that higher performance will help him to satisfy those social needs. In the same manner, if the high performance of the employee in the past was followed by strong positive reinforcement, there is a gain a potential for motivation directed at enhance performance.
However, it is vital for the managers to focus on the given steps in order to translate the possibility for motivation that are directed in order to enhance the performance into the real motivation as well as enhance the real performance. In some of the cases, it is connected with the given needs or process that had helped in order for the potential to exist (Griffin & Moorhead 2009).
Therefore, motivation enables the employees to be more energetic and persuasive in achieving their goals. This commonly pertains on the different financial incentives and appraisals.
3.0 Objectives of the Study
The main aim of this research is to study the influence of performance, productivity and attitude of the employees in the service industry towards their job. The following are the objective of the study:
· to analyze the different factors that affect the performance, productivity and attitude of the employees in the service industry;
· to evaluate how performance, productivity and attitude of the employees can influence the perceptions of the employees towards their respective job;
· to recommend actions and processes to be done in order to improve the quality of work of the employees in the service industry in Malaysia.
4.0 Methodology
The research design used in this study is the descriptive approach. A descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study (Creswell, 1994; Saunders et al, 2003). It is also concerned with relationships and practices that exist, beliefs and processes that are ongoing, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. (In addition, such approach tries to describe present conditions, events or systems based on the impressions or reactions of the respondents of the research). (Creswell, 1994; Saunders et al, 2003)
This study will adapt an interpretivist approach in research. Interpretivism is the necessary research philosophy for this study because it allows the search, of the ‘details of the situation, to understand the reality or perhaps a reality working behind them (Remenyi & Williams 1998). From the interpretivist perception, it is necessary to explore the subjective meanings motivating people’s actions in order to understand their actions. In other words, the aim of the interpretivist is to understand situations and give plausible and acceptable accounts of them (Varey & Wood-Harper 2002).
4.1 Data Collection
The survey method, also known as the questionnaire method, will be used in gathering the data for this study.
Surveys are the most common form of research method for collection of primary data (Commonwealth of Learning, 2000). One of its purpose is to describe, e.g., to count the frequency of some event or to assess the distribution of some variables such as proportion of the population of different age groups, sex, religion, castes and languages, knowledge, attitude and adaption of practices about particular issues, and other information of similar nature about the population (Commonwealth of Learning, 2000).
4.2 Sample Frame
This study will survey 200 employees from one company in the service industry of Malaysia. The employees will be randomly selected in order to ensure that the sampling population will represent the entire population.
4.3 Data Analysis
The data results of the study will be analyzed by determining their corresponding frequency, percentage and weighted mean. The following statistical formulas will be used:
1. Percentage – to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire.
n
% = -------- x 100 ; n – number of responses
N N – total number of respondents
2. Weighted Mean
f1x1 + f2x2 + f3x3 + f4x4 + f5x5
x = --------------------------------------------- ;
xt
where: f – weight given to each response
x – number of responses
xt – total number of responses
4.4 Timetable
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Problem
Identification
Literature
Review
Research
Design
Choice of
Methodology
Data
Sources
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Writing up
Draft
Editing
Final
Document
Binding of
Document
5.0 References
Commonwealth of Learning 2000, Manual for Educational Media Researchers: Knowing your Audience, Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA), Vancouver, Canada.
Creswell, J W 1994, Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, Sage, California.
Griffin, R & Moorhead, G 2009, Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations, Cengage Learning.
Mathis, R & Jackson, J 2007, Human Resource Management, Cengage Learning.
Saunders, M, Lewis, P & Thornhill, A 2003, Research Methods for Business Students, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall Financial Times, London
Varey, R J, Wood-Harper, T & Wood, B 2002, ‘A Theoretical Review of Management and Information Systems Using a Critical Communications Theory’, Journal of Information Technology, vol. 17, pp. 229 – 239
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