Social and Psychological Sciences
Introduction
The healthcare is a way of preventing, treatment and management of illness for both the physical and mental well-being of a person that is offered by the medical practitioners and health professionals. In a world that is currently travels in an evolution and constant change, the human cells also reacts in the occurring changes. The human body is now more vulnerable in the scattered diseases and illness, therefore needs more attention and proper care.
The creation of healthcare programs or healthcare system that aims in promotion of good health for mind and body is an incredible answer for the numerous health problems. Organizing such kinds of programs is not that easy because it should be financed and well-delivered. A group of medical practitioners gradually experienced certain challenges in their profession such as lack of knowledge and visible shortages of materials or information. Other challenges’ comes in the form of the technology that is being used in the organization. The medical technology may not be available in the area, sometimes costly, and hard to assess.
But aside from these problems that still causing the people to suffer from the disease or illness is their willingness to participate in the medical practice. It is hard in the part of the medical practitioner to see a patient suffer from a disease even if they don’t have to. With this kind of scenario there should be certain actions and further research and development because just like the medical practice and knowledge, health care systems are not fixed but are continually evolving.
Case Study:
Many patients face same trouble in terms of their own self. In this case, certain studies arises that attempt to answer the revolving questions and possibilities. In the healthcare objectives, the psychological, sociological, and social policy perspective matters in an African Caribbean descendant. These factors can affect the performance of the healthcare in the society and the acceptance of medical attention is very low.
There are several issues that contributed to the poor acceptance or recognition of the healthcare policy and underlie in different perspectives and assumptions. The ideological conflicts may cause by a communication misunderstanding including the dialects, accents, or use of metaphors.1
Psychological Perspective
Mental health diseases can be risky to human health like the anxiety, and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive illness helps identify the different behavior in African Caribbeans, according to the medical research or general population survey against the Europeans.2
The research shows a prominent belief that medical consultation would not be beneficial has implications for health promotion and could be explained by genetic or vulnerability factors or by exposure to different social or environmental experiences. The African Caribbeans may be experiencing more events and difficulties associated with loss, and fewer associated with fear but still the low recognition of certain disorders remains the greatest barrier to care.
Most studies of ethnic differences in mental health focus on psychotic illness rather than common mental disorders, and therefore, pointed out that the anxiety contributes less in the behavior but the depression puts a great impact in the case of an African Caribbean that usually faces medical care.
The medical community as well as, the medical professional must establish a psychological understanding. Another study declares that an understanding of a mind also understands the fundamental of the social world.3 It centers in the theory of mind that engaged in the everyday psychological practices and having the fundamental of social functioning.
Sociological Perspective
Another study shows the impact of a hospice in determining the sociological perspective of a patient. The hospice is a manner of providing care for terminally ill patients, either in their home or in special care facilities that allows the ill individuals to live their final days in as natural and comfortable setting as possible.4 Same in the case of the patient named Clare, she is giving the attention of healthcare in the comfort of her own home, yet continuously visiting a medical specialist.
The study came up with the results of the cultural barriers or differences of values with regards to medical care and differences spiritual beliefs are identified, and might contribute to the low acceptance of medical attention.
There are also institutional barriers such as economic factors, lack of trust in the health care system and lack of diversity among the health care staff study. Other hindrances in achieving the health medication is having a living will and had no desire in obtaining one which may come in confusion. In other terms, the will to live is so strong but the individual doesn’t do anything to complete that will. The second hindrance appeared as the consumers suffered more because the lack of knowledge about the care offered to them. And once they embraced the healthcare policies, the individual is more prone in accepting only the aggressive treatment than of the curative measures.5 Therefore, the education and socioeconomic factors play uncertain role in the healthcare system. And the cultural, spiritual, and institutional factors play a significant role in making a decision about the healthcare.
Social Policy Perspectives
The effects of social environment and social factors in taking a healthcare attention such as life events or past experience can be reflected in the outcome in the healthcare process for an individual. From previous study, it settled a problem and can be relate in the current study.
There are two hypotheses that are considered as selection and stress. The selection hypothesis indicates that those who are vulnerable to mental illness (or already ill) tend to migrate. In contrast, the stress hypothesis suggests that psychosocial stressors related to migration are implicated in mental illness. A key aspect of this stress is related to social isolation and loss of social status, loss of social networks and is further complicated by acculturative processes. Goal-striving and additional high expectations may be shattered, thereby lowering the individual’s self-esteem and intensifying stress.6
There are stressors, personality, past experiences, social networks, family support and other vulnerability and protective factors. There are social factors that appear to be significant in their impact on an individual’s well-being – these include housing, employment, socio-economic status and social networks. There is little doubt that unemployed individuals are more likely to have poor self-esteem, low socio-economic status and perhaps less than ideal social networks. Unemployment has been closely linked with poor physical and mental health.7
Social status and affiliations, and inequalities of power, income and status, are considered risk factors, while supportive social relations are considered protective. In case of the featured patient, the lack of time she received from her relatives is another kind of social factor that stresses her more. The loss of self-esteem and the feeling of being neglected is a kind of invisible foe that she keeps on dealing with in everyday of her life. The medical practitioners are aware of this kind of situation but if the patient eager to close the door for a complete recovery, the problem might turn to worse.
Conclusion and Suggestions
The contributing factor of a patient’s behavior arises from different perspectives and centers the healthcare system in an individual. The psychological perspective is something about the inner-self aspect of the individual and matters with the way he/she thinks. The sociological perspective depends on the way the past affects the future and the impact it can bring to reflect in the patient’s present situation. Definitely, it is a main contributor in making a decision. And the social policy perspective is connected with the social status and environment that surrounds the patient.
The on-going training of doctors and other members of medical community is needed to gain more focus, care and management in different approach to healthcare. It can be helped through the presentation of mental disorder coupled with the development of therapeutic models that include social, psychological, and pharmacological treatments and accompanied with social understandings and farther research.
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