Politeness strategy through female and male characters
Politeness is something that anticipates real humanistic value, it is where communication succeed in different levels as there account to politeness strategy as indicated through female and male characterization from literature base for example, among the Akan of Ghana, the proverb is highly valued as mode of communication. Pragmatically, it may be used in the management of face. Specifically, it may act as mitigator that minimizes the offensive intent of an upcoming difficult utterance, it may show speaker's humility or his acknowledgment of the addressee's sensibility by providing common ground that does not impale the sensibility of any of the conversational participants; or it may show deference or solidarity. Structurally, it may function as a pre-difficult, pre-closing, or closing.
In addition, (1987) politeness theory attempts to explain how face-management processes and the variables that affect it motivate the manner in which speakers in any culture will phrase their remarks. Several hypotheses derived from theory were tested with subjects from United States and Korea. Subjects in Experiments 1 and 2 indicated their perceptions of different remarks that could be used for performing the same request. Perceptions of the politeness of these remarks varied with the extent to which the remarks encoded concern for the hearer's face, and this occurred for both Americans and Koreans. There was only mixed support for predictions that the size of the request and the hearer's relative power and distance from the speaker will affect perceptions of remarks. The results of Experiment 3 indicate that inferences of speaker power and relationship closeness can be made on the basis of request forms, and this effect is similar for both Americans and Koreans.
While politeness has been the focus of several studies of the speech of non-native speakers of English, the area of politeness in writing has, until now, largely been ignored. For this study, business letters written by a group of native speakers of English were compared to those written by a group of non-native speakers. The results indicate striking differences in the politeness strategies used by each group. Although the non-native speaker data showed an awareness of various types of politeness strategies, the language used to express politeness tended to be less formal and more direct than that of the native speaker group. Indeed, the non-native speakers avoided using certain politeness strategies and relied more heavily upon others than did the native speakers.
Research will suggest that business writing in English by non-native speakers, even that which is grammatically flawless, may be perceived negatively by the reader because of the inappropriate use of politeness strategies. Research paper will examine Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness and its application in subsequent studies and raises serious questions regarding its value for empirical studies. An alternative view of politeness has been offered, and in light of this, new approach to the analysis of work, placed within more comprehensive framework of social interaction, can be outlined. Thus, politeness attempts to minimize impositions on the hearer, somewhat confusing term does not imply lack of politeness but rather method of ingratiation example, negative politeness can be accomplished in various ways such as the speaker can minimize the threat to the hearer, give the hearer the option not to act, or communicate the speaker's desire not to impinge on the hearer (1987).
Further, the latter proponents analyze of politeness has become the dominant perspective in the area of linguistic politeness (1990; 1990). (1986) pointed out, the dozens of individual politeness strategies are not mutually exclusive; many speech acts can be justifiably coded under different strategies and even different strategies. The purpose of research is to illustrate how the politeness strategies are used positively and negatively, of female and male characters, there do not attempt to quantify various politeness strategies, it is premature to analyze strategies quantitatively at fine level (1986). The primary goal at this point is to document some of the interesting ways in which pragmatic principles interact with communication process.
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