THE PRACTICE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN LEBANON

 

 

ABSTRACT

This study described and analyzed the perceptions and practices of public relations in Lebanon. It focused specifically on media relations and was based on Grunig’s (1984) theoretical framework of four models of public relations: press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetrical, and two-way symmetrical.   A review of the literature was conducted that revealed a debate about whether public relations can be practiced the same way all over the world or if certain localized practices should be considered for each nation. 

The research design was a triangulated method.  Data were collected using a written survey questionnaire and telephone interviews with Lebanese public relations practitioners.  The results showed that all four of the Grunig models were practiced in Lebanon, with the two-way symmetrical model the most popular.  Evidence collected from this research supported the hypothesis of this study that public relations can be globalized despite cultural differences. 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u LIST OF TABLES. PAGEREF _Toc16066654 \h iv

LIST OF FIGURES. PAGEREF _Toc16066655 \h v

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY.. PAGEREF _Toc16066656 \h 1

Introduction. PAGEREF _Toc16066657 \h 1

The Problem.. PAGEREF _Toc16066658 \h 2

Background of the Problem.. PAGEREF _Toc16066659 \h 3

Lebanon: General Overview.. PAGEREF _Toc16066660 \h 4

Communication Styles and Cultural Differences. PAGEREF _Toc16066661 \h 6

Research Questions. PAGEREF _Toc16066662 \h 9

Scope of the Study. PAGEREF _Toc16066663 \h 10

Definition of Terms. PAGEREF _Toc16066664 \h 10

Organization of the Remainder of the Study. PAGEREF _Toc16066665 \h 10

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW... PAGEREF _Toc16066666 \h 11

Introduction. PAGEREF _Toc16066667 \h 11

Theoretical Perspective. PAGEREF _Toc16066668 \h 11

Globalization versus Localization. PAGEREF _Toc16066669 \h 13

Advocates for Globalization. PAGEREF _Toc16066670 \h 13

Advocates for Localization. PAGEREF _Toc16066671 \h 17

Conclusion. PAGEREF _Toc16066672 \h 21

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY.. PAGEREF _Toc16066673 \h 22

Introduction. PAGEREF _Toc16066674 \h 22

Research Approach. PAGEREF _Toc16066675 \h 22

Sample Population. PAGEREF _Toc16066676 \h 23

Instrumentation. 24

Survey. PAGEREF _Toc16066678 \h Error! Bookmark not defined.24

Qualitative. PAGEREF _Toc16066679 \h 26

Qualitative Data Analysis. PAGEREF _Toc16066680 \h 28

Summary. PAGEREF _Toc16066681 \h 30

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS OF THE STUDY.. PAGEREF _Toc16066682 \h 31

Introduction. PAGEREF _Toc16066683 \h 31

Quantitative Results. PAGEREF _Toc16066684 \h 31

Qualitative Results. PAGEREF _Toc16066685 \h 38

Answers to Research Questions. PAGEREF _Toc16066686 \h 39

Chapter Summary. PAGEREF _Toc16066687 \h 40

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION.. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066688 \h 1

Introduction. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066689 \h 1

Public Relations Principles. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066690 \h 1

Summary. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066691 \h 2

Limitations. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066692 \h 3

Suggestions for Further Research. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066693 \h 4

REFERENCES. 4 PAGEREF _Toc16066694 \h 5

APPENDIX A: MODEL STATEMENT FREQUENCY CHARTS. 51

APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE COVER LETTER.. 59

APPENDIX C: QUESTIONNAIRE.. 60

LIST OF TABLES

 

 

  • Practice of the Two-way Symmetrical Model

  • Average Score             ……………………………………………………………………32

     

  • Practice of the Two-way Asymmetrical Model

  • Average Score             ……………………………………………………………………33

     

  • Practice of the Public Information Model

  • Average Score             ……………………………………………………………………34

     

  • Practice of the Press Agentry Model

  • Average Score             ……………………………………………………………………35

     

  • Ranking of the Top Five Survey Statements

  • Average Score             ……………………………………………………………………37

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     

     


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