THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND IMAGING BY PHYSICAL THERAPISTS
In the current environment of evidence-based practice and fiscal accountability, it is imperative that physical therapists be allowed access to the tools that will optimize the effectiveness of their interventions. However, as this opportunity arises, it is critical that we not only rise to defend the logical inclusion of UI in our scope of practice if challenged, but that we determine how this tool can best benefit our patients. Contiguous to this task is the responsibility associated with quality control, accreditation, and development of policies to ensure the safe and appropriate use of the technology by the members of our profession.
Assessment of combined movements of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic and low back pain subjects using a three-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system
C. J. Barrett, K. P. Singer, R. Day
Combined movement examination of the human thoracolumbar spine was measured using a three-dimensional electromagnetic goniometer (3SPACE1 FastrakTM Polhemus, Colchester, Vermont, USA). 1. Intra-examiner reliability of CME was evaluated using a test-retest design; examination was repeated in 23 subjects without LBP and 16 with LBP. 2. A sample of 31 subjects without LBP and 23 subjects with LBP underwent CME, which involved measuring right and left side¯exion in the ¯exed, neutral and extended position.
Lumbosacral repositioning accuracy in standing posture: a combined electrogoniometric and videographic evaluation
Simon Brumagne a,*, Roeland Lysens a, Arthur Spaepen b
A piezoresistive electrogoniometer attached to the skin over the sacrum and a three-dimensional video analysis system with re¯ective markers on anatomical landmarks were both employed to measure the repositioning accuracy of pelvic tilting in standing. Eleven subjects without low back pain participated in this study.
(a) A 3-D video analysis system was used for registration of pelvic angle, upper trunk and lower limbmotion. Passive re¯ective markers were placed at the skin over the left anterior and posterior iliac spine, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and the left caput ®bulae. Three-dimensional displacement of the markers was recorded and the raw video data were analyzed and digitized o€-line by a Kinemetrix 3-D motion analysis system (Orthodata, Germany). With the obtained coordinates of the markers pelvic position (angle of inclination measured between the left anterior and posterior iliac spines), displacement in the sagittal plane of knee and neck was calculated. The accuracy for a 1.5 _ 0.3 _ 0.2 m volume was determined 1 mm in anydirection or 0.6° for the measured angles. (b) A lightweight (13 g) piezoresistive built-in ampli- ®ed and temperature compensated accelerometer, model 3140-002 (ICSensors, UK) was used as an electrogoniometer by measuring the static component of
gravity. The electrogoniometer was ®xed with doublesided tape to the skin over the spinous process of the second sacral vertebra (S2) and provided on-line information about the relative angle of the sacrum in space. The accuracy of the electrogoniometer was 0.42° for themeasured range of pelvic tilting.
Continuous measurement of lumbar posture using flexible electrogoniometers Authors: M. G. Boocock a; J. A. Jackson a; A. K. Burton b; K. M. Tillotson b The extent of sagittal mobility was compared with measures from a fluid-filled inclinometer and a flexicurve. Analysis of the data showed that the use of the aluminium carriage did not markedly influence the accuracy of the electrogoniometer, and the technique as modified was found to be comparable with standard techniques for estimating the extent of lumbar sagittal flexibility Reliability of three lumbar sagittal motion measurement methods: surface inclinometers - all 4 versions »
SC Chen, DG Samo, EH Chen, AR Crampton, KM Conrad, … - J Occup Environ Med, 1997 - joem.org Three surface methods for measuring lumbar sagittal motion (LSM) were tested for reliability. The three methods used were the Pleurimeter V double inclinometer, the carpenter double inclinometer, and the computerized single sensor inclinometer. In this study, 30 volunteers were examined independently by three occupational health professionals. Each volunteer rotated twice through three stations at which LSM was measured by each of the three methods. The intra- and interexaminer reliabilities in identifying the skin levels of T12 and S1 were acceptable, having intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) greater than or equal to 0.75.
Spinal Range of Motion: Accuracy and Sources of Error With Inclinometric Measurement. Diagnostic Assessment Spine. 22(17):1976-1984, September 1, 1997.
Mayer, Tom G. MD *; Kondraske, George PhD +; Brady Beals, Susan PT ++; Gatchel, Robert J. PhD [S]
A computerized inclinometer was used for measuring the sagittal lumbar mobility of 38 healthy individuals after bench testing the device itself for device error. The human performance test conditions were: 1) initial test on study participants by untrained test administrators with no control of human performance or procedural variables, 2) identical tests by procedurally trained test administrators controlling human performance variability by monitoring and controlling total motion, and 3) test by procedurally trained test administrators without controlling for human performance variability. Criterion validity study of lumbar goniometers BROM II and EDI-320 for range of motion of lumbar …
M Tousignant - Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 2002 - IOS Press The purpose was to estimate the criterion validity of the Back Range of Motion (BROM II) and Electronic Digital Inclinometer (EDI-320) devices. METHODS. This study compared the range of motion measurements of low back pain (LBP) patients taken with the BROM II and EDI-320 with measurements using the double inclinometer (DI) method as the gold standard. Forty subjects with LBP volunteered for the study. The subjects were asked to do three forward flexion movements. A measurement was taken with each of the three different devices for each movement. Clinical applications of sensors for human posture and movement analysis: A review - all 3 versions »
WAIYIN WONG - Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 2007 - informaworld.com This article reviews the possible applications of these electronic sensors and systems, and precautions of their applications in analysis of human posture and movement. Such information would help researchers and clinicians in selecting and developing the most appropriate measurement techniques of using the electronic sensors for clinical applications of human posture and movement analysis. Electronic sensors and systems with advanced technology, namely accelerometer, gyroscope, flexible angular sensor, electromagnetic tracking system and sensing fabrics, have been developed and applied to solve the relevant application problems of the image-based methods. Nonetheless, other problems for using these electronic sensors emerged, including the environment influence and signal extraction difficulties.
Lumbar range of motion: reliability and validity of the inclinometer technique in the clinical … - all 4 versions »
PM Saur, FB Ensink, K Frese, D Seeger, J … - Spine, 1996 - spinejournal.com
Reliability and validity of the inclinometer technique as a clinical measurement of trunk flexibility were investigated. Fifty-four patients participated in the study.
Methods: Lumbar range of motion measurements were taken with and without radiologic control of the T12 and S1 vertebrae as reference points for positioning of the inclinometers. An interrater correlation was done of the inclinometer techniques of a physician and a physiotherapist. Functional radiographs were investigated in a standing position. Lumbar range of motion measurements based on radiographs and those taken using the inclinometer alone were correlated to validate the inclinometer technique.
Lumbar–pelvic coordination in the sitting position
Satoshi Kasahara *, Kenji Miyamoto, Mitsuhiko Takahashi,
Masanori Yamanaka, Naoki Takeda
This study assessed the relationship of each movement direction on the lumbar spine and on the pelvis in regards to lumbar–pelvic coordination in the sitting position. Lumbar and pelvic motions were recorded using a flexible electrogoniometer in 12 healthy subjects during two different tasks in the sitting position. The coordination of the lumbar spine and pelvis was evaluated using the ratio of lumbar and pelvic angles (L/P ratio hereafter) in three motion phases. This study shows that lumbar–pelvic
coordination occurs in the sitting position. Lumbar–pelvic coordination is confirmed even if the movement tasks are different in the sitting position, and these findings show that aspects of a particular movement are dependent on the given movement task. These findings may provide greater insight into the kinematic changes involved in lumber–pelvic coordination, and help clinicians implement sitting exercises conducive to the independence of the patient.
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