Communication, Rhetoric and Reasoning
Aristotle defines rhetoric as "The faculty of discovering the available means of persuasion." Discovering, in his definition, implies an interaction between three situational components: the speaker, topic, and audience. The rhetorician seeks a balance among these three components, seeking a particular result which is to persuade the listener to act ( 1932). According to Aristotle's analysis, rhetorical persuasion involves three principal means or modes: ethos, which appeal to the character and credibility of the speaker, pathos, which appeal to the emotions of the audience, and logos which proves through argument the truth or apparent truth of the propositions presented ( 1977).
Over the centuries rhetoric has been used to train the leaders of countless generations in how to persuade people. In Rome, young men studied how to be good citizens by taking the responsibility of debating public issues. In the middle ages, rhetoric became the specialized study of how to preach the Gospel. In the eighteenth century, it became the cornerstone of training for the leaders of society who developed the foundations for democracy in the modern world.
Today's use of rhetoric has changed drastically from the stump speakers of yesterday. It is no just in the art of speaking anymore. It can be applied to almost every aspect of communication. Many people may not even realize that they are using rhetoric on a day to day basis. It has become a part of our every day lives. One of the biggest places it is now used is writing.
According to (1969), the dimensions of argument is tied in a theory to a conception of what the arguer believes that the audience will accept. The conventions for conducting arguments also grow out of practices and norms mutually accepted by interlocutors who participate together in a common culture for (1969) believed that in practical reasoning, inferential moves are made possible rhetorically.
Rhetoric has blend well into the nature of communication. It has been used almost in all aspects of communication today. It has been used in court-room argument, public speaking, advertising, marketing, and publicity. Rhetorical communication is goal oriented. The main purpose of rhetoric communication is to persuade your audience to act as what you want to act. Rhetoric has been a way of developing speech and means of effective writing.
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